A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
A.A. Ezhevsky Irkutsk State Agrarian University, 1/1 Molodezhny Settlement, 664038, Irkutsk District, Russia.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021 Jan;197:111381. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111381. Epub 2020 Oct 3.
The ever-increasing application of selenium nanoparticles in medicine generates a need for thorough assessment of their effects on the living organism to prevent undesirable and dangerous toxic processes. The biological action of selenium nanoparticles strongly depends on the administrated dose. This stimulates in-depth study of possible mechanisms of their toxic effect, especially when they are applied in high doses. In this work, we have studied the effect of a high dose of selenium nanoparticles on rats and found that it is different in a healthy organism and in the case of modeled liver toxic damage. It has been revealed that the administration of a high dose of selenium nanoparticles to rats with toxic liver damage decreases the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the blood and normalizes the level of liver enzymes at a time of the damage of the urinary system. At the same time, in a healthy organism, excess of selenium nanoparticles augments concentrations of urea, aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde probably due to the fact that excess selenium nanoparticles induces the lipid peroxidation and damage the urinary system. However, the experiments show that, no mortality is observed among the animals treated with selenium in a dose of 6 times higher than the normal one. The use of sulfated polysaccharide κ-carrageenan as a stabilizer of nanoparticles generates a densely negative charge (ζ-potential -29 mV) on the nanoparticles surface. Probably, the high biocompatibility of nanoparticles is explained by the prolongation of their interaction with cells due to involvement of opsonization stage of negatively charged surface of nanoparticles into their metabolism.
硒纳米粒子在医学中的应用日益广泛，这就需要对其在生物体中的作用进行全面评估，以防止产生不良和危险的毒性作用。硒纳米粒子的生物作用强烈依赖于所给予的剂量。这刺激了对其毒性作用的可能机制的深入研究，尤其是当它们以高剂量应用时。在这项工作中，我们研究了高剂量硒纳米粒子对大鼠的影响，发现其在健康机体和模拟肝毒性损伤的情况下的作用不同。研究结果表明，在具有肝毒性损伤的大鼠中给予高剂量的硒纳米粒子可降低血液中脂质过氧化产物的浓度，并在泌尿系统损伤的同时使肝脏酶的水平正常化。与此同时，在健康的机体中，过量的硒纳米粒子可能会增加尿素、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙二醛的浓度，这可能是因为过量的硒纳米粒子会诱导脂质过氧化并损伤泌尿系统。然而，实验表明，用比正常剂量高 6 倍的硒处理的动物未观察到死亡。使用硫酸化多糖 κ-卡拉胶作为纳米粒子的稳定剂，会使纳米粒子表面带有高密度的负电荷（ζ-电位-29 mV）。可能是由于纳米粒子带负电荷的表面的调理作用阶段的参与，延长了它们与细胞的相互作用，从而提高了纳米粒子的高生物相容性。
