Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141 Singapore; Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland.
Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141 Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141 Singapore.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Feb 15;404(Pt A):124107. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124107. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) refer to a relatively novel class of materials that are increasingly prevalent in various consumer products and industrial applications - most notably for their superlative physicochemical properties when compared with conventional materials. However, consumer products inevitably degrade over the course of their lifetime, releasing ENMs into the environment. These ENMs undergo physicochemical transformations and subsequently accumulate in the environment, possibly leading to various toxic effects. As a result, a significant number of studies have focused on identifying the possible transformations and environmental risks of ENMs, with the objective of ensuring a safe and responsible application of ENMs in consumer products. This review aims to consolidate the results from previous studies related to each stage of the pathway of ENMs from being embodied in a product to disintegration/transformation in the environment. The scope of this work was defined to include the five most prevalent ENMs based on recent projected production market data, namely: nTiO, nSiO, nZnO, carbon nanotubes, and nAg. The review focuses on: (i) models developed to estimate environmental concentrations of ENMs; (ii) the possible physicochemical transformations; (iii) cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects specific to each ENM selected; and (iv) a discussion to identify potential gaps in the studies conducted and recommend areas where further investigation is warranted.
工程纳米材料（ENMs）是指一类相对较新的材料，它们在各种消费品和工业应用中越来越普遍 - 与传统材料相比，它们具有卓越的物理化学性质。然而，消费品在其使用寿命内不可避免地会降解，将 ENMs 释放到环境中。这些 ENMs 经历物理化学转化，并随后在环境中积累，可能导致各种毒性效应。因此，许多研究都集中在确定 ENMs 的可能转化和环境风险上，以确保在消费品中安全、负责任地应用 ENMs。本综述旨在综合以前与 ENMs 从产品中体现到在环境中崩解/转化的途径的每个阶段相关的研究结果。这项工作的范围被定义为包括基于最近预测的生产市场数据的五种最常见的 ENMs，即：nTiO、nSiO、nZnO、碳纳米管和 nAg。综述重点关注：（i）用于估计 ENMs 环境浓度的模型；（ii）可能发生的物理化学转化；（iii）针对每种选定的 ENM 的细胞毒性和遗传毒性效应；以及（iv）讨论确定研究中存在的潜在差距，并建议需要进一步调查的领域。
