Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário - Quinta da Granja, 2929-511 Caparica, Portugal.
Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário - Quinta da Granja, 2929-511 Caparica, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 10;755(Pt 1):142473. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142473. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
A wealth of studies focusing on the relationships between negative health outcomes and short-term and long-term exposures to environmental risk factors have produced estimates of the burden of disease attributable to air pollution, which have led to the implementation of air pollution control strategies. However, the call to expand those studies, in terms of geographical units of analysis to produce more accurate estimates of the burden of disease in the different countries has been made. Studies of the specific environment-health relationship concerning air pollution in Portugal are scarce and rather descriptive. Therefore, this work assesses the trends both in atmospheric levels of pollutants including particulate matter (PM), ozone (O), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and sulphur dioxide (SO), and in mortality rates for diabetes, malignant neoplasms and diseases of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory systems, and explores the links between exposure to air pollutants and mortality, following proposed biological pathways and using inferential statistics methods, for the period 2010 to 2017 in Portugal. The following major conclusions were drawn: (i) despite a somewhat initial downward trend in PM and a peak in O levels, fairly constant air pollution levels were mostly observed; (ii) concomitantly, increases in age-adjusted mortality rates were significant for all diseases except diabetes; (iii) lower atmospheric levels of pollutants were observed in rural areas, when compared to urban areas, except for ozone; (iv) age-adjusted mortality rates were higher in rural regions, for diabetes, and in urban regions, for malignant neoplasms; (v) for a 10 μg/m increase in atmospheric levels of PM, regression analysis estimated an increase of 0.30% in the mortality rate for diseases of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory systems, and malignant neoplasms combined.
大量研究关注负面健康结果与短期和长期暴露于环境风险因素之间的关系，这些研究估计了空气污染导致的疾病负担，从而导致了空气污染控制策略的实施。然而，有人呼吁扩大这些研究的范围，从地理分析单位入手，以更准确地估计不同国家的疾病负担。关于葡萄牙空气污染与健康关系的具体研究很少，而且相当具有描述性。因此，这项工作评估了 2010 年至 2017 年期间污染物（包括颗粒物（PM）、臭氧（O）、二氧化氮（NO）和二氧化硫（SO））大气水平和糖尿病、恶性肿瘤和呼吸系统、消化系统和循环系统疾病死亡率的趋势，并根据提议的生物学途径和使用推理统计方法，探索了暴露于空气污染物与死亡率之间的联系。得出了以下主要结论：（i）尽管 PM 呈初期下降趋势且 O 水平达到峰值，但观察到的空气污染水平基本保持不变；（ii）同时，除糖尿病外，所有疾病的年龄调整死亡率均显著增加；（iii）与城市地区相比，农村地区的污染物大气水平较低，除臭氧外；（iv）农村地区糖尿病的年龄调整死亡率较高，而城市地区恶性肿瘤的死亡率较高；（v）大气中 PM 水平每增加 10μg/m，回归分析估计呼吸系统、消化系统和循环系统疾病以及恶性肿瘤的死亡率将增加 0.30%。
