Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 7;17(19):7323. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197323.
Disparities in birthweight by maternal race/ethnicity are commonly observed. It is unclear to what extent these disparities are correlates of individual socioeconomic factors. In a prospective cohort of 1645 low-risk singleton pregnancies included in the NICHD Fetal Growth Study (2009-2013), neonatal anthropometry was measured by trained personnel using a standard protocol. Socioeconomic characteristics included employment status, marital status, health insurance, annual income, and education. Separate adjusted generalized linear models were fit to both test the effect of race/ethnicity and the interaction of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics on neonatal anthropometry. Mean infant birthweight, length, head circumference, and abdominal circumference all differed by race/ethnicity ( 0.001). We observed no statistically significant interactions between race/ethnicity and full-time employment/student status, marital status, insurance, or education in association with birthweight, neonatal exam weight, length, or head or abdominal circumference at examination. The interaction between income and race/ethnicity was significant only for abdominal circumference ( 0.027), with no other significant interactions for other growth parameters, suggesting that racial/ethnic differences in neonatal anthropometry did not vary by individual socioeconomic factors in low-risk women. Our results do not preclude structural factors, such as lifetime exposure to poverty, as an explanation for racial/ethnic disparities.
不同种族/民族的产妇的新生儿体重差异是常见的。目前尚不清楚这些差异在多大程度上与个体的社会经济因素相关。在一项纳入了美国国立卫生研究院胎儿生长研究（2009-2013 年）的 1645 例低危单胎妊娠前瞻性队列研究中，由经过培训的人员使用标准方案测量新生儿人体测量学指标。社会经济特征包括就业状况、婚姻状况、医疗保险、年收入和教育程度。分别拟合了调整后的广义线性模型，以检验种族/民族的影响以及种族/民族与社会经济特征的相互作用对新生儿人体测量学的影响。新生儿的出生体重、身长、头围和腹围均因种族/民族而异（ 0.001）。我们没有观察到种族/民族与全日制工作/学生身份、婚姻状况、保险或教育与出生体重、新生儿体检体重、身长或头围或腹围之间存在统计学上显著的相互作用。收入和种族/民族之间的相互作用仅对腹围有显著影响（ 0.027），而其他生长参数没有显著的相互作用，这表明在低危女性中，新生儿人体测量学的种族/民族差异不受个体社会经济因素的影响。我们的研究结果并不排除结构性因素，例如终生贫困暴露，作为种族/民族差异的解释。
