Forage Seed Lab, Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 7;21(19):7404. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197404.
Seed germination is a critical process for completion of the plant life cycle and for global food production. Comparing the germination transcriptomes of barley () to revealed the overall pattern was conserved in terms of functional gene ontology; however, many oppositely responsive orthologous genes were identified. Conserved processes included a set of approximately 6000 genes that peaked early in germination and were enriched in processes associated with RNA metabolism, e.g., pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing proteins. Comparison of orthologous genes revealed more than 3000 orthogroups containing almost 4000 genes that displayed similar expression patterns including functions associated with mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, carbohydrate and RNA/DNA metabolism, autophagy, protein modifications, and organellar function. Biochemical and proteomic analyses indicated mitochondrial biogenesis occurred early in germination, but detailed analyses revealed the timing involved in mitochondrial biogenesis may vary between species. More than 1800 orthogroups representing 2000 genes displayed opposite patterns in transcript abundance, representing functions of energy (carbohydrate) metabolism, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, and gene regulation. Differences in expression of basic-leucine zippers (bZIPs) and Apetala 2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (EREBPs) point to differences in regulatory processes at a high level, which provide opportunities to modify processes in order to enhance grain quality, germination, and storage as needed for different uses.
种子萌发是植物生命周期完成和全球粮食生产的关键过程。将大麦的萌发转录组与进行比较，发现功能基因本体论方面的总体模式是保守的；然而，鉴定出许多相反响应的同源基因。保守过程包括一组约 6000 个基因，它们在萌发早期达到峰值，并富集在与 RNA 代谢相关的过程中，例如五肽重复（PPR）蛋白。同源基因的比较揭示了 3000 多个包含近 4000 个基因的同源基因簇，它们的表达模式相似，包括与线粒体三羧酸 (TCA) 循环、碳水化合物和 RNA/DNA 代谢、自噬、蛋白质修饰和细胞器功能相关的功能。生化和蛋白质组学分析表明，线粒体生物发生发生在萌发的早期，但详细分析表明，线粒体生物发生的时间可能因物种而异。超过 1800 个代表 2000 个基因的同源基因簇表现出转录丰度的相反模式，代表能量（碳水化合物）代谢、光合作用、蛋白质合成和降解以及基因调控的功能。碱性亮氨酸拉链 (bZIPs) 和 APETALA 2 (AP2)/乙烯响应元件结合蛋白 (EREBP) 的表达差异表明在高级别存在调控过程的差异，这为根据不同用途需要增强谷物品质、萌发和储存而改变过程提供了机会。
