Samuelson Isabella, Vidal-Puig Antonio
Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Department of Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, United Kingdom.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Sep 15;11:629. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00629. eCollection 2020.
New treatments for obesity and associated metabolic disease are increasingly warranted with the growth of the obesity pandemic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may represent a promising therapeutic target to treat obesity, as this tissue has been shown to regulate energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis. Three different strategies could be employed for therapeutic targeting of human thermogenic adipocytes: increasing BAT mass through stimulation of BAT progenitors, increasing BAT function through regulatory pathways, and increasing WAT browning through promotion of beige adipocyte formation. However, these strategies require deeper understanding of human brown and beige adipocytes. While murine studies have greatly increased our understanding of BAT, it is becoming clear that human BAT does not exactly resemble that of the mouse, highlighting the need for human models of brown adipocytes. Several different human brown adipocyte models will be discussed here, along with the potential to improve brown adipocyte culture through recreation of the BAT microenvironment.
随着肥胖症大流行的加剧，越来越需要针对肥胖症及相关代谢疾病的新疗法。棕色脂肪组织（BAT）可能是治疗肥胖症的一个有前景的治疗靶点，因为该组织已被证明可通过非寒战产热来调节能量消耗。针对人类产热脂肪细胞的治疗靶向可采用三种不同策略：通过刺激BAT祖细胞增加BAT质量、通过调节途径增强BAT功能以及通过促进米色脂肪细胞形成增加白色脂肪组织褐变。然而，这些策略需要对人类棕色和米色脂肪细胞有更深入的了解。虽然小鼠研究极大地增进了我们对BAT的理解，但很明显人类BAT与小鼠的并不完全相似，这凸显了建立人类棕色脂肪细胞模型的必要性。本文将讨论几种不同的人类棕色脂肪细胞模型，以及通过重现BAT微环境来改善棕色脂肪细胞培养的潜力。
