National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Front Public Health. 2020 Sep 15;8:435. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00435. eCollection 2020.
Clear documentation of the understanding of the problem, process of development, and content of interventions is essential to enable other researchers to understand why interventions succeed or fail and to enable researcher to build on previous evidence and replicate and adapt findings in other contexts. In this paper we describe the rationale, intervention development, and final design of the 'High schools High on life' intervention; a high school-based, multi-component intervention to reduce excessive drinking among Danish high school students. The development of the intervention 'High schools High on life' was guided by the planning steps of the Intervention Mapping protocol (IM) in combination with the behavior change wheel and the behavior change techniques, theory, evidence, practice, and new empirical studies of contextual factors in the Danish high school setting. The development process resulted in a multi-component intervention with the following intervention elements: a school environmental component targeting school alcohol policies and norms, a school educational component addressing students' social norms around alcohol, and a parental component encouraging parent-child communication around alcohol. Not all steps of IM were followed rigidly. However, IM proved useful as a planning tool in combination with the behavior change wheel and the behavior change techniques, as it provided a systematic approach to the intervention development process. IM forced the research group to be explicit about decisions and choices throughout the planning process. The transparency of the developmental process and theoretical, empirical and practical/contextual foundation of the 'High schools High on life' intervention may enable future intervention studies to build on our findings and accumulate knowledge to reduce excessive drinking among young people. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Trial registration number NCT03906500) prior to randomization.
清晰记录问题的理解、干预措施的制定过程和内容对于其他研究人员理解干预措施成功或失败的原因至关重要，并使研究人员能够在前人证据的基础上进行扩展，在其他背景下复制和调整研究结果。在本文中，我们描述了“High schools High on life”干预计划的基本原理、干预措施的制定过程和最终设计；这是一项基于高中的、多组分的干预计划，旨在减少丹麦高中生的过度饮酒行为。“High schools High on life”干预计划的制定过程遵循了干预映射协议（IM）的规划步骤，结合行为改变轮和行为改变技术、理论、证据、实践以及丹麦高中背景下的新实证研究，考虑了环境因素。该开发过程产生了一个多组分的干预计划，其中包括以下干预元素：针对学校饮酒政策和规范的学校环境部分、针对学生饮酒社会规范的学校教育部分，以及鼓励父母与子女之间就饮酒问题进行沟通的父母部分。并非所有的 IM 步骤都严格遵循。然而，IM 被证明是一种有用的规划工具，与行为改变轮和行为改变技术结合使用，因为它为干预措施的开发过程提供了一个系统的方法。IM 迫使研究小组在整个规划过程中明确决策和选择。“High schools High on life”干预计划的开发过程的透明度、理论、实证和实践/背景基础，可能使未来的干预研究能够在我们的发现基础上进行扩展，并积累知识，以减少年轻人的过度饮酒行为。该试验在随机分组前在 clinicaltrials.gov 上进行了注册（试验注册号 NCT03906500）。
