National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive Room 220, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Curr Genet. 2021 Feb;67(1):19-26. doi: 10.1007/s00294-020-01111-w. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
Translating ribosomes slow down or completely stall when they encounter obstacles on mRNAs. Such events can lead to ribosomes colliding with each other and forming complexes of two (disome), three (trisome) or more ribosomes. While these events can activate surveillance pathways, it has been unclear if collisions are common on endogenous mRNAs and whether they are usually detected by these cellular pathways. Recent genome-wide surveys of collisions revealed widespread distribution of disomes and trisomes across endogenous mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. Several studies further hinted that the recognition of collisions and response to them by multiple surveillance pathways depend on the context and duration of the ribosome stalling. This review considers recent efforts in the identification of endogenous ribosome collisions and cellular pathways dedicated to sense their severity. We further discuss the potential role of collided ribosomes in modulating co-translational events and contributing to cellular homeostasis.
当核糖体在 mRNA 上遇到障碍物时，它们会减速或完全停顿。这些事件可能导致核糖体彼此碰撞，并形成两个（二联体）、三个（三聚体）或更多核糖体的复合物。虽然这些事件可以激活监控途径，但核糖体碰撞是否常见于内源性 mRNAs，以及这些细胞途径是否通常能检测到这些碰撞，尚不清楚。最近对碰撞的全基因组调查显示，二联体和三聚体在内源 mRNAs 中广泛分布于真核细胞中。几项研究进一步表明，多个监控途径对碰撞的识别和反应取决于核糖体停顿的情况和持续时间。这篇综述考虑了最近在鉴定内源性核糖体碰撞和专门用于感知其严重程度的细胞途径方面的努力。我们还进一步讨论了碰撞核糖体在调节共翻译事件和有助于细胞内平衡方面的潜在作用。
