Shiraz Geriatric Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71936-35899, Iran.
Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Clin Rheumatol. 2021 May;40(5):1709-1715. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05446-0. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
Finding easier and less invasive biologic biomarker in the clinical specimen of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients can be effective in diagnosing and treating SSc-associated multisystem diseases. The complex of S100A8 and S100A9 (Calprotectin) is an easily available prognostic biomarker that secretes from immune cells and is necessary for initiating the immune response to noninfectious inflammation processes. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Calprotectin in specimen of SSc patients. We reviewed the evidence for Calprotectin in diagnostic and prognostic of SSc patients.
This systematic review was done to identify studies on "Calprotectin" within "SSc" patients. PubMed, Web of knowledge, and Scopus were searched for this purpose. A standardized form was used to extract diseases, sample size, biomarkers identified, source of biomarker, and its effects.
Overall, the 16 articles selected show that the main sources of Calprotectin were plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and especially stool.
The best source of Calprotectin was fecal Calprotectin that could show the inflammation and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) on SSc patients. Also, the most arguable source is plasma because of its low sample size. Comparing the Calprotectin level in different rheumatic diseases showed the specificity of fecal Calprotectin for SSc disease. Nevertheless, it has to be noted that Calprotectin correlates with some other factors such as age, PIP drug, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
在系统性硬化症 (SSc) 患者的临床标本中寻找更简单、创伤更小的生物学标志物，对于诊断和治疗 SSc 相关多系统疾病可能是有效的。S100A8 和 S100A9（钙卫蛋白）复合物是一种易于获得的预后生物标志物，它由免疫细胞分泌，是启动对非传染性炎症过程的免疫反应所必需的。本研究旨在评估 Calprotectin 在 SSc 患者标本中的有效性。我们回顾了 Calprotectin 在 SSc 患者诊断和预后中的证据。
为了在“SSc”患者中识别关于“Calprotectin”的研究，我们进行了这项系统评价。为此目的，在 PubMed、Web of knowledge 和 Scopus 上进行了搜索。使用标准化表格提取疾病、样本量、鉴定的生物标志物、生物标志物来源及其影响。
总体而言，选择的 16 篇文章表明，Calprotectin 的主要来源是血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液，尤其是粪便。
Calprotectin 的最佳来源是粪便 Calprotectin，它可以显示 SSc 患者的炎症和小肠细菌过度生长 (SIBO)。此外，最有争议的来源是血浆，因为其样本量较小。比较不同风湿性疾病中 Calprotectin 的水平表明粪便 Calprotectin 对 SSc 疾病具有特异性。然而，值得注意的是，Calprotectin 与其他一些因素相关，如年龄、PIP 药物和非甾体抗炎药。
