1st Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
1st Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Hellenic J Cardiol. 2020 Nov-Dec;61(6):362-377. doi: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.09.015. Epub 2020 Oct 9.
The perception that women represent a low-risk population for cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) needs to be reconsidered. Starting from risk factors, women are more likely to be susceptible to unhealthy behaviors and risk factors that have different impact on CV morbidity and mortality as compared to men. Despite the large body of evidence as regards the effect of lifestyle factors on the CVD onset, the gender-specific effect of traditional and non-traditional risk factors on the prognosis of patients with already established CVD has not been well investigated and understood. Furthermore, CVD in women is often misdiagnosed, underestimated, and undertreated. Women also experience hormonal changes from adolescence till elder life that affect CV physiology. Unfortunately, in most of the clinical trials women are underrepresented, leading to the limited knowledge of CV and systemic impact effects of several treatment modalities on women's health. Thus, in this consensus, a group of female cardiologists from the Hellenic Society of Cardiology presents the special features of CVD in women: the different needs in primary and secondary prevention, as well as therapeutic strategies that may be implemented in daily clinical practice to eliminate underestimation and undertreatment of CVD in the female population.
人们普遍认为女性心血管疾病（CVD）风险较低，但这种观念需要重新审视。从危险因素入手，相较于男性，女性更容易受到不健康行为和危险因素的影响，这些因素对女性 CVD 发病率和死亡率的影响也不同。尽管有大量证据表明生活方式因素对 CVD 发病的影响，但传统和非传统危险因素对已确诊 CVD 患者预后的性别特异性影响尚未得到充分研究和理解。此外，女性 CVD 常常被误诊、低估和治疗不足。女性在青春期到老年期还会经历荷尔蒙变化，这会影响心血管生理机能。不幸的是，大多数临床试验中女性的代表性不足，导致我们对 CV 以及几种治疗方法对女性健康的系统性影响知之甚少。因此，在本次共识中，来自希腊心脏病学会的一组女性心脏病专家提出了 CVD 在女性中的特殊表现：一级和二级预防的不同需求，以及可能在日常临床实践中实施的治疗策略，以消除对女性 CVD 的低估和治疗不足。
