Leo Isabella, Nakou Eleni, de Marvao Antonio, Wong Joyce, Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara
Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London, UK.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University Catanzaro, Italy.
Card Fail Rev. 2022 Sep 23;8:e29. doi: 10.15420/cfr.2022.17. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant threat to women's health. Heart failure (HF) is one CVD that still has an increasing incidence and about half of all cases involve women. HF is characterised by strong sex-specific features in aetiology, clinical manifestation and outcomes. Women are more likely to have hypertensive heart disease and HF with preserved ejection fraction, they experience worse quality of life but have a better overall survival rate. Women's hearts also have unique morphological characteristics that should be considered during cardiovascular assessment. It is important to understand and highlight these sex-specific features to be able to provide a tailored diagnostic approach and therapeutic management. The aim of this article is to review these aspects together with the challenges and the unique characteristics of different imaging modalities used for the diagnosis and follow-up of women with HF.
心血管疾病（CVD）对女性健康构成重大威胁。心力衰竭（HF）是一种CVD，其发病率仍在上升，且所有病例中约有一半涉及女性。HF在病因、临床表现和预后方面具有明显的性别特异性特征。女性更容易患高血压性心脏病和射血分数保留的心力衰竭，她们的生活质量较差，但总体生存率较好。女性的心脏也有独特的形态特征，在心血管评估过程中应予以考虑。了解并突出这些性别特异性特征对于提供量身定制的诊断方法和治疗管理至关重要。本文旨在回顾这些方面，以及用于HF女性诊断和随访的不同成像方式的挑战和独特特征。
