Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, SO-284H, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
Urban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Room 706, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Health Place. 2020 Nov;66:102459. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102459. Epub 2020 Oct 10.
We used cross-sectional Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis data from six US cities/counties and adjusted multilevel linear regression to examine park space-cognition associations among non-demented older adults (n = 4084). We found that greater neighborhood park space 1-mile around the residence (measured continuously) was associated with better processing speed in the overall sample (estimate: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.92). However, greater neighborhood park space (½-mile around residence) was associated with worse global cognition in Los Angeles, California (estimate: -2.66; 95% CI: -4.70, -0.62) and worse processing speed in Forsyth County, North Carolina (estimate: -0.72; 95% CI: -1.37, -0.08). Dichotomizing at the mean, having ≥6% park space (½-mile around residence) was associated with better global cognition in Saint Paul, Minnesota (estimate: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.38), and better processing speed in New York City (estimate: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35). Park space-cognition associations varied by city/county, suggesting problems with pooling multiple sites without accounting for geographic context or regionally-varying park characteristics (e.g., quality).
我们使用了来自美国六个城市/县的横断面多民族动脉粥样硬化研究数据，并进行了多层次线性回归分析，以研究非痴呆老年人中公园空间与认知之间的关系（n=4084）。我们发现，居住地周围 1 英里范围内（连续测量）的社区公园空间越大，整体样本的处理速度越好（估计值：0.48；95%CI：0.03，0.92）。然而，在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶，居住地周围较大的社区公园空间与全球认知较差有关（估计值：-2.66；95%CI：-4.70，-0.62），在北卡罗来纳州福赛斯县的处理速度更差（估计值：-0.72；95%CI：-1.37，-0.08）。以平均值为界限，居住地周围有≥6%的公园空间（半英里）与明尼苏达州圣保罗的全球认知更好有关（估计值：0.21；95%CI：0.05，0.38），与纽约市的处理速度更好有关（估计值：0.19；95%CI：0.04，0.35）。公园空间与认知之间的关系因城市/县而异，这表明在不考虑地理背景或区域差异的公园特征（例如质量）的情况下，汇集多个地点存在问题。
