Nursing, Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
BMJ Open. 2020 Oct 12;10(10):e039131. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039131.
Dietary patterns and practices can predispose or protect against metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans. Despite the growing problem of MetS in adults, the underpinning dietary behaviour is poorly understood. We determined the dietary patterns and practices relevant to MetS in adults with central obesity attending a mission hospital in Kenya.
Descriptive, cross-sectional.
Outpatient clinic of a mission-based hospital in Nairobi.
Adults (N=404) aged 18-64 years diagnosed with central obesity as per the International Diabetes Federation definition for MetS.
Anthropometric measurements, clinical-biochemical markers and dietary components, quantity and frequency of food intake, as well as time-lapse between consumption of dinner and sleeping.
A high (87.2%) prevalence of MetS was observed for respondents who reported consumption of large amount of carbohydrates (p<0.001), proteins (p<0.001), processed/fast foods (p<0.001) and sugar (p=0.009). Frequent consumption of legumes (p<0.001), nuts (p<0.001), fruits (p<0.001) and vegetables (p=0.021) was linked to reduced MetS. Additionally, longer interval between eating dinner and going to bed was associated with reduced MetS.
Regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts, as well as observing sometime after eating dinner before sleeping, was the dietary pattern significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS. Whereas, consumption of a large quantity of carbohydrates, proteins, processed/fast foods and sugar is likely to predispose to MetS. The findings underscore the need to focus on specific dietary intake patterns including frequency, quantity, quality and variety for MetS prevention and management. The MetS-related interventions could be implemented during individual consultation, group and community health messaging sessions.
饮食模式和习惯可能导致或预防人类代谢综合征（MetS）。尽管成年人中 MetS 的问题日益严重，但潜在的饮食行为仍知之甚少。我们确定了在肯尼亚一家传教医院就诊的中心性肥胖成年人中与 MetS 相关的饮食模式和习惯。
描述性，横断面研究。
内罗毕一家传教医院的门诊诊所。
年龄在 18-64 岁之间，根据国际糖尿病联合会对 MetS 的定义被诊断为中心性肥胖的成年人。
人体测量学测量、临床生化标志物和饮食成分、食物摄入量的数量和频率，以及晚餐和睡眠时间之间的时间间隔。
报告大量摄入碳水化合物（p<0.001）、蛋白质（p<0.001）、加工/快餐（p<0.001）和糖（p=0.009）的受访者中，MetS 的患病率很高（87.2%）。经常食用豆类（p<0.001）、坚果（p<0.001）、水果（p<0.001）和蔬菜（p=0.021）与 MetS 风险降低相关。此外，晚餐和睡觉之间的间隔时间较长与 MetS 降低相关。
经常食用水果、蔬菜、豆类和坚果，以及在睡前稍作休息后再进食，与降低 MetS 风险显著相关。而大量摄入碳水化合物、蛋白质、加工/快餐和糖可能导致 MetS。这些发现强调需要关注特定的饮食摄入模式，包括频率、数量、质量和多样性，以预防和管理 MetS。可以在个体咨询、小组和社区卫生宣传会议期间实施与 MetS 相关的干预措施。
