Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, 26., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
ChemSusChem. 2021 Jan 7;14(1):94-117. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202001838. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
The preparation of porous carbons attracts a great deal of attention given the importance of these materials in many emerging applications, such as hydrogen storage, CO capture, and energy storage in supercapacitors and batteries. In particular, porous carbons produced by applying chemical activation methods are preferred because of the high pore development achieved. However, given the environmental risks associated with conventional activating agents such as KOH, the development of greener chemical activation methodologies is an important objective. This Review summarizes recent progress in the production of porous carbons by using more sustainable strategies based on chemical activation. The use of less-corrosive chemical agents as an alternative to KOH is thoroughly reviewed. In addition, progress achieved to date by using emerging self-activation methodologies applied to organic salts and biomass products is also discussed.
多孔碳的制备引起了广泛关注，因为这些材料在许多新兴应用中非常重要，例如氢气储存、CO2 捕获以及超级电容器和电池中的能量存储。特别是，通过应用化学活化方法制备的多孔碳由于实现了高孔发展而受到青睐。然而，鉴于与传统活化剂（如 KOH）相关的环境风险，开发更环保的化学活化方法是一个重要目标。本综述总结了近年来通过使用基于化学活化的更可持续策略生产多孔碳的最新进展。彻底审查了使用腐蚀性较小的化学试剂替代 KOH 的情况。此外，还讨论了迄今为止通过使用应用于有机盐和生物质产品的新兴自活化方法所取得的进展。
