Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil.
Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra 12 2616, ACT, Australia.
Cells. 2020 Oct 10;9(10):2268. doi: 10.3390/cells9102268.
The Boidae family is an ancient group of snakes widely distributed across the Neotropical region, where several biogeographic events contributed towards shaping their evolution and diversification. Most species of this family have a diploid number composed of 2n = 36; however, among Booidea families, the Boidae stands out by presenting the greatest chromosomal diversity, with 2n ranging between 36 and 44 chromosomes and an undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system. Here, we applied a comparative chromosome analysis using cross-species chromosome paintings in five species representing four Boidae genera, to decipher the evolutionary dynamics of some chromosomes in these Neotropical snakes. Our study included all diploid numbers (2n = 36, 40, and 44) known for this family and our comparative chromosomal mappings point to a strong evolutionary relationship among the genera , , , and . The results also allowed us to propose the cytogenomic diversification that had occurred in this family: a process mediated by centric fissions, including fission events of the putative and undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system in the 2n = 44 karyotype, which is critical in solving the puzzle of the karyotype evolution of boid snakes.
蛇科是一个古老的蛇类家族，广泛分布于新热带地区，该地区的几次生物地理事件促成了它们的进化和多样化。这个家族的大多数物种的二倍体数量由 2n = 36 组成；然而，在蚺科家族中，蛇科以最大的染色体多样性脱颖而出，2n 值在 36 到 44 条染色体之间，并且存在未分化的 XY 性染色体系统。在这里，我们应用了比较染色体分析，在代表四个蛇科属的五个物种中进行了种间染色体杂交，以解析这些新热带蛇类中一些染色体的进化动态。我们的研究包括了该家族中所有已知的二倍体数量（2n = 36、40 和 44），我们的比较染色体图谱表明，属、、、之间存在着很强的进化关系。研究结果还使我们能够提出该家族发生的细胞基因组多样化：这是一个由着丝粒裂变介导的过程，包括在 2n = 44 染色体组型中对假定的和未分化的 XY 性染色体系统的裂变事件，这对于解决蚺蛇染色体进化的难题至关重要。
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