Setti Príncia Grejo, Ezaz Tariq, Deon Geize Aparecida, Utsunomia Ricardo, Tanomtong Alongklod, Ditcharoen Sukhonthip, Donbundit Nattasuda, Sumontha Montri, Seetapan Kriengkrai, Buasriyot Phichaya, Pinthong Krit, Thongnetr Weera, Dos Santos Natália, Porto-Foresti Fábio, Liehr Thomas, Cioffi Marcelo de Bello
Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 9;26(10):4540. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104540.
Snakes are cytogenetically dynamic, characterized by largely conserved diploid chromosome numbers although displaying varied variable evolutionary stages of their sex chromosomes. This study examined four snakes, with a special focus on the genus , to provide evolutionary insights into the evolution of ZW sex chromosomes. We performed an extensive karyotype characterization using conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches, described for the first time the karyotype of and revisited the karyotype descriptions of , , and . We found that all species except have highly heterochromatic W chromosomes enriched in satDNAs or microsatellite repeats. Repetitive sequences accumulate with the heterochromatinization of the W chromosome but are not necessarily associated with this process, demonstrating the dynamic makeup of snake sex chromosomes. Autosomal locus-specific and sex chromosome probes from and did not show hybridization signals in snakes, suggesting divergent evolutionary pathways. This finding highlighted the dynamic nature of sex chromosome evolution in snakes, which occurred independently in lizards.
蛇在细胞遗传学上具有动态性，其特征是二倍体染色体数目基本保守，尽管其性染色体呈现出不同的进化阶段。本研究对四种蛇进行了检测，特别关注了[具体属名]属，以深入了解ZW性染色体的进化。我们使用传统和分子细胞遗传学方法进行了广泛的核型特征分析，首次描述了[具体物种名1]的核型，并重新审视了[具体物种名2]、[具体物种名3]和[具体物种名4]的核型描述。我们发现，除了[具体物种名5]外，所有物种的W染色体都高度富含异染色质，富含卫星DNA或微卫星重复序列。重复序列随着W染色体的异染色质化而积累，但不一定与这一过程相关，这表明蛇类性染色体的组成具有动态性。来自[具体物种名6]和[具体物种名7]的常染色体位点特异性和性染色体探针在[具体物种名8]蛇中未显示杂交信号，表明进化途径不同。这一发现突出了蛇类性染色体进化具有动态性，这在蜥蜴中是独立发生的。
