贡德尔大学医学与健康科学学院学生的自我药疗行为及相关因素：一项横断面研究
Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors Among University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Zeru Nuhamin, Fetene Destaw, Geberu Demiss Mulatu, Melesse Alemakef Wagnew, Atnafu Asmamaw
机构信息
University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2020 Oct 1;14:1779-1790. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S274634. eCollection 2020.
PURPOSE
Self-medication is the use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms without any medical supervision. Such practices may cause antimicrobial resistance, which causes treatment failure, economic loss, serious health hazards, missed diagnosis, delayed appropriate treatment, drug dependency, and adverse drug effects. However, empirical evidence is limited to the current status of its practices and associated factors among university students. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of self-medication practices among medicine and health science students at the University of Gondar.
METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed from February to March 2017. A total of 792 randomly selected students were surveyed with a self-administered structured questionnaire. Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. In multivariable analysis, P-value <0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify associated factors.
RESULTS
Self-medication practice was found to be 52.4% (95% CI: (49%, 56%)) among university students. For most students, the major reason for using self-medication was taking the illness as less serious (71.1%). Females (AOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.08-2.01), income category (USD 44.01-175.87) (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.29-0.78), sixth year students (AOR: 8.71; 95% CI: 4.04-18.77) and health officer students (AOR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.20-4.63) were found to be significantly associated with self-medication practice.
CONCLUSION
More than half of the students practiced self-medication, which is moderately higher than other findings. Gender, income, year of study, and field of study were the major factors that affected self-medication. Therefore, interventions that can halt the high magnitude of self-medication and factors associated with it are crucial. Special attention should be given to students who stay in the university for longer years.
目的
自我药疗是指个人在没有任何医疗监督的情况下使用药物来治疗自我识别的疾病或症状。这种行为可能会导致抗菌药物耐药性，进而导致治疗失败、经济损失、严重的健康危害、漏诊、延误适当治疗、药物依赖和药物不良反应。然而，关于大学生自我药疗行为现状及其相关因素的实证证据有限。因此，本研究的目的是评估贡德尔大学医学和健康科学专业学生自我药疗行为的程度及其相关因素。
方法
2017年2月至3月采用基于机构的横断面研究。共对792名随机抽取的学生进行了自填式结构化问卷调查。分别使用Epi Info 7版和SPSS 20版进行数据录入和分析。进行二元逻辑回归分析。在多变量分析中，P值<0.05以及带有95%置信区间（CI）的调整优势比（AOR）用于确定相关因素。
结果
大学生自我药疗行为的发生率为52.4%（95%CI：（49%，56%））。对大多数学生来说，自我药疗的主要原因是认为病情不严重（71.1%）。女性（AOR：1.48；95%CI：1.08 - 2.01）、收入类别（44.01 - 175.87美元）（AOR：0.47；95%CI：0.29 - 0.78）、六年级学生（AOR：8.71；95%CI：4.04 - 18.77）和卫生官员专业学生（AOR：2.36；95%CI：1.20 - 4.63）被发现与自我药疗行为显著相关。
结论
超过半数的学生有自我药疗行为，这一比例略高于其他研究结果。性别、收入、学习年份和专业领域是影响自我药疗的主要因素。因此，能够遏制高比例自我药疗行为及其相关因素的干预措施至关重要。应特别关注在校时间较长的学生。
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