Aktary Michelle L, Eller Lindsay K, Nicolucci Alissa C, Reimer Raylene A
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Food Nutr Res. 2020 Sep 18;64. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4548. eCollection 2020.
Dietary intake is an important factor in the development and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, optimal dietary composition remains unclear. Moreover, there is minimal evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and markers of liver health in Canadian adults diagnosed with NAFLD.
The aim of this study is to characterize the dietary intake of a sample of Canadian adults diagnosed with NAFLD and examine the correlations with markers of liver health.
Forty-two adults recruited from the community and hepatology clinics in Calgary, Canada from 2016 to 2019 completed a 3-day food record. Anthropometrics, blood biomarkers, liver stiffness (FibroScan), and liver fat (magnetic resonance imaging) were measured. Nutrient intake was compared with the data from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Surveys. Relationships were assessed using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis.
Relative to Canadian dietary recommendations, participants consumed lower magnesium, fiber, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and higher cholesterol, saturated fat, total fat, fructose, iron, vitamin B12, selenium, phosphorus, and sodium. Compared with the national average, participants consumed more energy, fiber, sodium, total fat, and saturated fat. Systolic blood pressure ( = 0.012), serum α-2 macroglobulin ( = 0.008), carbohydrate ( = 0.022), total fat ( = 0.029), and saturated fat intakes ( = 0.029) were associated with FibroScan scores. Liver fat was correlated with serum triglycerides ( < 0.001), trunk fat ( = 0.029), added sugar ( = 0.042), phosphorus ( = 0.017), and magnesium intake ( = 0.013). In females, selenium intake was associated with liver fat ( = 0.015) and FibroScan score ( = 0.05), while in males, liver fat was associated with trunk fat ( = 0.004), body weight ( = 0.004), high-density lipoprotein ( < 0.001), and fructose intake ( = 0.037). Regression analysis showed that increasing magnesium intake corresponds to a decrease in liver fat.
Despite the higher energy intake of participants, overall nutrient intake is low, suggesting lower diet quality. Associations between select micronutrients and liver health markers warrant further investigation.
饮食摄入是非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）发生和管理的一个重要因素；然而，最佳饮食构成仍不明确。此外，关于加拿大被诊断为NAFLD的成年人饮食摄入与肝脏健康指标之间关系的证据极少。
本研究的目的是描述一组被诊断为NAFLD的加拿大成年人的饮食摄入情况，并研究其与肝脏健康指标的相关性。
2016年至2019年从加拿大卡尔加里的社区和肝病诊所招募的42名成年人完成了一份为期3天的饮食记录。测量了人体测量学指标、血液生物标志物、肝脏硬度（FibroScan）和肝脏脂肪（磁共振成像）。将营养摄入与2004年和2015年加拿大社区健康调查的数据进行比较。使用Pearson相关性和回归分析评估关系。
与加拿大饮食建议相比，参与者摄入的镁、纤维、钙、维生素D和维生素E较低，而胆固醇、饱和脂肪、总脂肪、果糖、铁、维生素B12、硒、磷和钠较高。与全国平均水平相比，参与者摄入的能量、纤维、钠、总脂肪和饱和脂肪更多。收缩压（=0.012）、血清α-2巨球蛋白（=0.008）、碳水化合物（=0.022）、总脂肪（=0.029）和饱和脂肪摄入量（=0.029）与FibroScan评分相关。肝脏脂肪与血清甘油三酯（<0.001）、躯干脂肪（=0.029）、添加糖（=0.042）、磷（=0.017）和镁摄入量（=0.013）相关。在女性中，硒摄入量与肝脏脂肪（=0.015）和FibroScan评分（=0.05）相关，而在男性中，肝脏脂肪与躯干脂肪（=0.004）、体重（=0.004）、高密度脂蛋白（<0.001）和果糖摄入量（=0.037）相关。回归分析表明，增加镁摄入量对应于肝脏脂肪的减少。
尽管参与者的能量摄入量较高，但总体营养摄入量较低，表明饮食质量较差。特定微量营养素与肝脏健康指标之间的关联值得进一步研究。
