Lescher Marek, Wegmann Elisa, Müller Silke M, Laskowski Nora M, Wunder Ruth, Jiménez-Murcia Susana, Szycik Gregor R, de Zwaan Martina, Müller Astrid
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 11;11:822. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00822. eCollection 2020.
In addition to craving responses to salient food cues, the anticipation of short-term rewarding consumption of palatable food may overrun the anticipation of long-term negative consequences of obesity. The present investigation addressed the potential interplay of food cravings and decision-making abilities in individuals with obesity.
Study 1 included 107 bariatric surgery candidates with class 2/3 obesity (OB-group) and study 2 included 54 individuals with normal weight/pre-obesity (nonOB-group). In both studies, standardized questionnaires concerning food cravings, food addiction, and psychopathology were administered. A cue-reactivity paradigm was used to measure craving responses toward semi-individualized images of highly palatable, processed food/fruit (appetitive food cues) compared to images of raw vegetables (non-appetitive food cues). Decision-making was measured with a modified computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) with food pictures. Both groups were divided into two subgroups that were randomized to different IGT conditions. In one IGT condition the advantageous IGT card decks were covered by pictures of palatable, processed food or fruit and the disadvantageous decks by images of raw vegetables (= congruent condition), and in the other IGT condition .
Participants in the OB-group admitted on average higher craving responses toward palatable, processed food or fruit cues compared to pictures of raw vegetables. This was not the case in the nonOB-group. Contrary to our hypothesis, decision-making performance in both groups was worse when pictures of palatable, processed food or fruit were associated with advantageous IGT card decks compared to performance when those pictures were linked to the disadvantageous decks. The interference effect of food pictures processing on advantageous decision-making has been observed particularly in those individuals of the OB-group who exhibited high craving responses toward palatable, processed food cues or high levels of food addiction.
The results indicate that food pictures processing interferes with decision-making, regardless of weight status. Opposed to the hypothesis, stronger tendencies to avoid than to approach pictures presenting processed, tasty food were observed. Further research should examine how cognitive avoidance tendencies toward processed, high energy food and approach tendencies toward healthy food can be transferred to real life situations.
除了对显著食物线索产生渴望反应外，对美味食物短期奖励性消费的预期可能会超过对肥胖长期负面后果的预期。本研究探讨了肥胖个体中食物渴望与决策能力之间的潜在相互作用。
研究1纳入了107名患有2/3级肥胖的减肥手术候选人（肥胖组），研究2纳入了54名体重正常/肥胖前期个体（非肥胖组）。在两项研究中，均使用了关于食物渴望、食物成瘾和精神病理学的标准化问卷。采用线索反应范式，测量与生蔬菜图片（非刺激性食物线索）相比，对高度可口的加工食品/水果的半个性化图片（刺激性食物线索）的渴望反应。使用带有食物图片的爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）的改良计算机版本测量决策能力。两组均分为两个亚组，随机分配到不同的IGT条件。在一种IGT条件下，有利的IGT牌组被可口的加工食品或水果图片覆盖，不利的牌组被生蔬菜图片覆盖（=一致条件），在另一种IGT条件下……
与生蔬菜图片相比，肥胖组参与者对可口的加工食品或水果线索的渴望反应平均更高。非肥胖组则并非如此。与我们的假设相反，与那些图片与不利牌组相关联时相比，当可口的加工食品或水果图片与有利的IGT牌组相关联时，两组的决策表现都更差。食物图片加工对有利决策的干扰效应尤其在肥胖组中那些对可口的加工食品线索表现出高渴望反应或食物成瘾程度高的个体中观察到。
结果表明，无论体重状况如何，食物图片加工都会干扰决策。与假设相反，观察到避免呈现加工过的美味食物图片的倾向比接近它们的倾向更强。进一步的研究应探讨如何将对加工过的高能量食物的认知回避倾向和对健康食物的接近倾向转化到现实生活情境中。
