Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Neural Plast. 2020 Sep 28;2020:8856722. doi: 10.1155/2020/8856722. eCollection 2020.
In this review, we present evidence about the changes of the GABAergic system on the hippocampus under the ischemic environment, which may be an underlying mechanism to the ischemia-induced cognitive deficit. GABAergic system, in contrast to the glutamatergic system, is considered to play an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system over the past several decades. It has received widespread attention in the area of schizophrenia and epilepsy. The GABAergic system has a significant effect in promoting neural development and formation of local neural circuits of the brain, which is the structural basis of cognitive function. There have been a number of reviews describing changes in the GABAergic system in cerebral ischemia in recent years. However, no study has investigated the changes in the system in the hippocampus during cerebral ischemic injury, which results in cognitive impairment, particularly at the chronic ischemic stage and the late phase of ischemia. We present a review of the changes of the GABAergic system in the hippocampus under ischemia, including GABA interneurons, extracellular GABA neurotransmitter, and GABA receptors. Several studies are also listed correlating amelioration of cognitive impairment by regulating the GABAergic system in the hippocampus damaged under ischemia. Furthermore, exogenous cell transplantation, which improves cognition by modulating the GABAergic system, will also be described in this review to bring new insight and strategy on solving cognitive deficits caused by cerebral ischemia.
在这篇综述中，我们介绍了在缺血环境下海马 GABA 能系统变化的证据，这可能是缺血引起认知缺陷的潜在机制。GABA 能系统与谷氨酸能系统相反，在过去几十年中被认为对中枢神经系统起抑制作用。它在精神分裂症和癫痫领域受到了广泛关注。GABA 能系统在促进神经发育和大脑局部神经网络形成方面具有重要作用，这是认知功能的结构基础。近年来，已有许多关于描述脑缺血中 GABA 能系统变化的综述。然而，尚无研究探讨脑缺血损伤过程中海马 GABA 能系统的变化，而这种变化会导致认知障碍，特别是在慢性缺血阶段和缺血后期。我们综述了缺血下海马 GABA 能系统的变化，包括 GABA 能中间神经元、细胞外 GABA 神经递质和 GABA 受体。还列出了一些研究，这些研究表明通过调节缺血损伤下的海马 GABA 能系统可以改善认知障碍。此外，还将描述通过调节 GABA 能系统改善认知的外源性细胞移植，为解决脑缺血引起的认知缺陷带来新的见解和策略。
