Zhang Xiaorong, Wu Moxin, Cheng Lin, Cao Wa, Liu Ziying, Yang Seung-Bum, Kim Min-Sun
Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
Jiujiang Clinical Precision Clinical Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Mol Psychiatry. 2025 Feb;30(2):693-704. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02756-6. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
Central nervous system parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs) are crucial and highly vulnerable to various stressors. They also play a significant role in the pathological processes of many neuropsychiatric diseases, especially those associated with cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Lewy body dementia, and schizophrenia. Although accumulating evidence suggests that the loss of PV-INs is associated with memory impairment in dementia, the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we delve into the current evidence regarding the physiological properties of PV-INs and summarize the latest insights into how their loss contributes to cognitive decline in dementia, particularly focusing on AD and VD. Additionally, we discuss the influence of PV-INs on brain development, the variations in their characteristics across different types of dementia, and how their loss affects the etiology and progression of cognitive impairments. Ultimately, our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of PV-INs and to consider their potential as novel therapeutic targets in dementia treatment.
中枢神经系统小白蛋白阳性中间神经元（PV-INs）至关重要且极易受到各种应激源的影响。它们在许多神经精神疾病的病理过程中也起着重要作用，尤其是那些与认知障碍相关的疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、血管性痴呆（VD）、路易体痴呆和精神分裂症。尽管越来越多的证据表明PV-INs的丧失与痴呆症中的记忆障碍有关，但其确切的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在这篇综述中，我们深入探讨了关于PV-INs生理特性的现有证据，并总结了关于它们的丧失如何导致痴呆症认知衰退的最新见解，特别关注AD和VD。此外，我们讨论了PV-INs对大脑发育的影响、它们在不同类型痴呆症中的特征差异，以及它们的丧失如何影响认知障碍的病因和进展。最终，我们的目标是全面概述PV-INs，并考虑它们作为痴呆症治疗新靶点的潜力。
