Tarbouriech Nicolas, Flusin Olivier, Sele Céleste, Iseni Frédéric
Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI), UJF-Grenoble 1/EMBL/CNRS, UMI 3265, 6, rue Jules-Horowitz, BP 181, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (Irba), unité de virologie, 24, avenue des Maquis-du-Grésivaudan, 38702 La Tronche, France.
Virologie (Montrouge). 2012 Aug 1;16(4):210-224. doi: 10.1684/vir.2012.0456.
Poxviruses are distinguished from other DNA viruses by replicating exclusively in the cytoplasm of the infected host cell. Replication of the linear double-stranded DNA genome takes place in the perinuclear area, in cytoplasmic foci called viral factories. Poxvirus genome organization evolved in order to prevent the virus from being dependent on nuclear enzymes. Therefore, they encode most, if not all, of the proteins required for efficient replication of their genome. Some of these proteins are essential for virus growth (i.e., enzymes directly involved in DNA synthesis). In contrast, others are dispensable for virus propagation in cell culture (i.e., proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism). Most of our knowledge concerning poxvirus replication comes from studies performed on vaccinia virus, the virus used as vaccine to eradicate smallpox more than 30 years ago. This article reviews our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing poxvirus genome synthesis, with a particular focus on the viral proteins involved in this process. A working model for poxvirus DNA replication is also presented.
痘病毒与其他DNA病毒的区别在于，它仅在被感染宿主细胞的细胞质中进行复制。线性双链DNA基因组的复制发生在核周区域，即在称为病毒工厂的细胞质病灶中。痘病毒基因组的组织方式不断进化，以防止病毒依赖于核酶。因此，它们编码了基因组高效复制所需的大部分（如果不是全部）蛋白质。其中一些蛋白质对病毒生长至关重要（即直接参与DNA合成的酶）。相比之下，其他蛋白质对于病毒在细胞培养中的传播则是可有可无的（即参与核苷酸代谢的蛋白质）。我们关于痘病毒复制的大部分知识来自于对痘苗病毒的研究，30多年前该病毒被用作根除天花的疫苗。本文综述了我们目前对痘病毒基因组合成分子机制的认识，特别关注了参与这一过程的病毒蛋白。同时还提出了痘病毒DNA复制的工作模型。
