Hamdi Jihane, Munyanduki Henry, Omari Tadlaoui Khalid, El Harrak Mehdi, Fassi Fihri Ouafaa
Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z I, Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P., 278, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 23;9(5):902. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9050902.
Lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox are notifiable diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively, caused by viruses of the Capripoxvirus genus. They are responsible for both direct and indirect financial losses. These losses arise through animal mortality, morbidity cost of vaccinations, and constraints to animals and animal products' trade. Control and eradication of capripoxviruses depend on early detection of outbreaks, vector control, strict animal movement, and vaccination which remains the most effective means of control. To date, live attenuated vaccines are widely used; however, conferred protection remains controversial. Many vaccines have been associated with adverse reactions and incomplete protection in sheep, goats, and cattle. Many combination- and recombinant-based vaccines have also been developed. Here, we review capripoxvirus infections and the immunity conferred against capripoxviruses by their respective vaccines for each ruminant species. We also review their related cross protection to heterologous infections.
结节性皮肤病、绵羊痘和山羊痘分别是由山羊痘病毒属病毒引起的牛、绵羊和山羊的法定报告传染病。它们会造成直接和间接的经济损失。这些损失源于动物死亡、疫苗接种的发病成本以及对动物和动物产品贸易的限制。山羊痘病毒的控制和根除取决于疫情的早期发现、媒介控制、严格的动物流动以及疫苗接种，而疫苗接种仍是最有效的控制手段。迄今为止，减毒活疫苗被广泛使用；然而，其提供的保护仍存在争议。许多疫苗与绵羊、山羊和牛的不良反应及不完全保护有关。也已研发出许多基于组合和重组的疫苗。在此，我们综述山羊痘病毒感染以及每种反刍动物物种的相应疫苗针对山羊痘病毒所赋予的免疫力。我们还综述了它们对异源感染的相关交叉保护作用。
