Slater Kayleigh, Heeran Aisling B, Garcia-Mulero Sandra, Kalirai Helen, Sanz-Pamplona Rebeca, Rahman Arman, Al-Attar Nebras, Helmi Mays, O'Connell Fiona, Bosch Rosa, Portela Anna, Villanueva Alberto, Gallagher William M, Jensen Lasse D, Piulats Josep M, Coupland Sarah E, O'Sullivan Jacintha, Kennedy Breandán N
UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
Genomics Medicine Ireland Limited, Cherrywood Business Park Building 4, D18 K7W4 Dublin, Ireland.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Oct 13;12(10):2950. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102950.
Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare, but often lethal, form of ocular cancer arising from melanocytes within the uveal tract. UM has a high propensity to spread hematogenously to the liver, with up to 50% of patients developing liver metastases. Unfortunately, once liver metastasis occurs, patient prognosis is extremely poor with as few as 8% of patients surviving beyond two years. There are no standard-of-care therapies available for the treatment of metastatic UM, hence it is a clinical area of urgent unmet need. Here, the clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLT and CysLT) in UM was evaluated. High expression of or transcripts is significantly associated with poor disease-free survival and poor overall survival in UM patients. Digital pathology analysis identified that high expression of CysLT in primary UM is associated with reduced disease-specific survival ( = 0.012; HR 2.76; 95% CI 1.21-6.3) and overall survival ( = 0.011; HR 1.46; 95% CI 0.67-3.17). High CysLT expression shows a statistically significant ( = 0.041) correlation with ciliary body involvement, a poor prognostic indicator in UM. Small molecule drugs targeting CysLT were vastly superior at exerting anti-cancer phenotypes in UM cell lines and zebrafish xenografts than drugs targeting CysLT. Quininib, a selective CysLT antagonist significantly inhibits survival ( < 0.0001), long-term proliferation ( < 0.0001), and oxidative phosphorylation ( < 0.001), but not glycolysis, in primary and metastatic UM cell lines. Quininib exerts opposing effects on the secretion of inflammatory markers in primary versus metastatic UM cell lines. Quininib significantly downregulated IL-2 and IL-6 in Mel285 cells ( < 0.05) but significantly upregulated IL-10, IL-1β, IL-2 ( < 0.0001), IL-13, IL-8 ( < 0.001), IL-12p70 and IL-6 ( < 0.05) in OMM2.5 cells. Finally, quininib significantly inhibits tumour growth in orthotopic zebrafish xenograft models of UM. These preclinical data suggest that antagonism of CysLT, but not CysLT, may be of therapeutic interest in the treatment of UM.
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