Mat Yasin Nik Mohd Farid, Hossain Md Sohrab, H P S Abdul Khalil, Zulkifli Muzafar, Al-Gheethi Adel, Asis Ahmad Jaril, Yahaya Ahmad Naim Ahmad
Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia.
Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island 42900, Selangor, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Oct 14;12(10):2353. doi: 10.3390/polym12102353.
The refining of the crude palm oil (CPO) generates the palm oil refinery effluent (PORE). The presence of high contents of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and suspended solids (SS) in PORE encourages the determination of an effective treatment process to minimize the environmental pollution and preserve aquatic life. In the present study, a biodegradable natural polymer, namely tannin, was utilized as a coagulant to treat PORE. The coagulation experiment was conducted using a jar test apparatus. The tannin coagulation efficiency was evaluated based on the BOD, COD, turbidity, and SS removal from PORE by varying the tannin dose (50-300 mg/L), pH (pH 4-10), treatment time (15-90 min), and sedimentation time (15-90 min). It was found that the maximum removal of BOD, COD, turbidity, and SS was 97.62%, 88.89%, 93.01%, and 90.21%, respectively, at pH 6, a tannin dose of 200 mg/L, 60 min of coagulation time, and 60 min of sedimentation time. Analyses of isotherm models revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model was well fitted with the coagulation study. Kinetics studies show that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was the well-fitted kinetics model for the BOD, COD, turbidity, and SS removal from PORE using tannin as a polymeric coagulant. The determination of thermodynamics parameters analyses revealed that BOD, COD, turbidity, and SS removal from PORE was spontaneous, exothermic, and chemical in nature. The finding of the present study shows that tannin as a natural polymeric coagulant would be utilized in PORE treatment to avoid toxic sludge generation.
粗棕榈油（CPO）的精炼产生了棕榈油精炼废水（PORE）。PORE中存在高含量的生化需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）、浊度和悬浮固体（SS），这促使人们确定一种有效的处理工艺，以尽量减少环境污染并保护水生生物。在本研究中，一种可生物降解的天然聚合物——单宁，被用作凝聚剂来处理PORE。凝聚实验使用搅拌试验装置进行。通过改变单宁剂量（50 - 300 mg/L）、pH值（pH 4 - 10）、处理时间（15 - 90分钟）和沉淀时间（15 - 90分钟），基于PORE中BOD、COD、浊度和SS的去除情况评估单宁的凝聚效率。结果发现，在pH值为6、单宁剂量为200 mg/L、凝聚时间为60分钟和沉淀时间为60分钟时，BOD、COD、浊度和SS的最大去除率分别为97.62%、88.89%、93.01%和90.21%。等温线模型分析表明，Freundlich等温线模型与凝聚研究拟合良好。动力学研究表明，伪二级动力学模型是使用单宁作为聚合物凝聚剂去除PORE中BOD、COD、浊度和SS的最佳拟合动力学模型。热力学参数分析的结果表明，从PORE中去除BOD、COD、浊度和SS是自发的、放热的且本质上是化学过程。本研究的结果表明，单宁作为一种天然聚合物凝聚剂将用于PORE处理，以避免产生有毒污泥。
