Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 14;17(20):7469. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207469.
Sport participation has been advocated as a strategy to improve adolescents' mental health. However, how these variables evolve during the adolescent years is uncertain. The objective of the present work was to examine the longitudinal associations of sports participation and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Participants were 525 Spanish adolescents (50.3% boys), aged between 12 and 15 years old (M = 13.45, SD = 0.69). They were enrolled in 18 secondary schools located in Andalusia (Spain) in the first two academic years of Compulsory Secondary Education. Data were collected in three waves, separated by one year, by administering self-report measures of depressive symptoms and sport participation. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine the change in depressive symptoms and sport participation, and a latent growth curve model was tested to examine the change in depressive symptoms controlling initial sport participation and gender. At each wave, more frequent sport participation was related to lower depressive symptoms. Two years after the first assessment, adolescents became more depressed but not more active. Less active adolescents had more depressive symptoms in each assessment time. At all moments of assessment, girls were less active and reported more depressive symptoms. Moreover, girls had a higher increase in depressive symptoms than boys. Promotion of physical activity (PA) as a mental health strategy needs to consider gender differences as boys and girls have different patterns of presentation of depressive symptoms throughout adolescence.
参与体育运动已被倡导为改善青少年心理健康的一种策略。然而，这些变量在青少年时期如何演变尚不确定。本研究的目的是探讨青少年体育参与和抑郁症状之间的纵向关联。研究对象为 525 名西班牙青少年（50.3%为男生），年龄在 12 至 15 岁之间（M=13.45，SD=0.69）。他们来自安达卢西亚（西班牙）的 18 所中学，在义务教育的头两年中被纳入研究。研究通过自我报告的抑郁症状和运动参与度的测量，在三个时间点（每一年一次）收集数据。使用重复测量方差分析来检验抑郁症状和运动参与度的变化，并用潜在增长曲线模型来检验在控制初始运动参与度和性别因素的情况下，抑郁症状的变化。在每个时间点，更频繁的运动参与与更低的抑郁症状相关。在第一次评估的两年后，青少年变得更加抑郁，但运动参与度没有增加。不活跃的青少年在每次评估时都有更多的抑郁症状。在评估的所有时刻，女孩的运动参与度较低，报告的抑郁症状较多。此外，女孩的抑郁症状增长速度高于男孩。将体育活动（PA）作为一种心理健康策略加以推广，需要考虑到性别差异，因为男孩和女孩在整个青春期都有不同的抑郁症状表现模式。
