Lawler Margaret, Heary Caroline, Nixon Elizabeth
School of Psychology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Aug 17;17(1):661. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4677-x.
Neglecting to take account of the underlying context or type of physical activity (PA) that underpins overall involvement has resulted in a limited understanding of adolescents' PA participation. The purpose of the present research was to identify male and female adolescents' leisure time PA patterns and examine whether psychological processes derived from self-determination theory differ as a function of the pattern of PA undertaken.
Nine hundred ninety-five students (61.2% females, 38.8% males; M age = 13.72 years, SD = 1.25) from eight secondary schools in Dublin, Ireland completed a physical activity recall 7 day diary and measures of intrinsic motivation, competence, relatedness, autonomy and autonomy support. Based on the diary five binary indicators of physical activity were derived reflecting recommended levels of MVPA on a minimum of 3 days, at least three sessions of non-organized physical activity (e.g. jog), team sport, individual sport, and organized non-sport physical activity (e.g. dance). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of adolescents that engaged in similar patterns of physical activity. Profiles of physical activity participation were subsequently compared on motivational characteristics using Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Latent class analysis revealed six distinct classes for girls (Organized Run/Swim & Dance/Gym; Organized Dance; Leisure Active Team Sport; Active Individual Sport; Walk/Run/Outdoor games; Non-Participation) and five for boys (Leisure Active Gym; Leisure Active Individual Sport; Active Team Sport; Active Mixed Type; Non-Participation). Significant differences were found between the classes. Girls characterized by participation in team or individual sport, and boys represented by team sport participation demonstrated significantly higher self-determined motivational characteristics relative to other profiles of physical activity.
This research offers a nuanced insight into the underlying type of activities that constitute overall patterns of PA among adolescent boys and girls and further reveals that psychological processes vary dependent on the profile of physical activity undertaken. The findings may be useful for informing interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among young people.
由于忽视了构成总体参与度的身体活动（PA）的潜在背景或类型，导致对青少年PA参与情况的理解有限。本研究的目的是确定青少年男性和女性的休闲时间PA模式，并检验源自自我决定理论的心理过程是否因所进行的PA模式而异。
来自爱尔兰都柏林八所中学的995名学生（61.2%为女生，38.8%为男生；平均年龄 = 13.72岁，标准差 = 1.25）完成了一份7天的身体活动回忆日记以及内在动机、能力、相关性、自主性和自主性支持的测量。基于日记得出了五个身体活动的二元指标，反映了至少3天达到推荐的中等至剧烈身体活动水平、至少三次非有组织的身体活动（如慢跑）、团队运动、个人运动以及有组织的非运动身体活动（如舞蹈）。潜在类别分析用于识别参与相似身体活动模式的青少年亚组。随后使用克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验对身体活动参与概况的动机特征进行比较。
潜在类别分析揭示了女孩的六个不同类别（有组织的跑步/游泳与舞蹈/健身；有组织的舞蹈；休闲活跃团队运动；活跃个人运动；步行/跑步/户外游戏；不参与）和男孩的五个类别（休闲活跃健身；休闲活跃个人运动；活跃团队运动；活跃混合类型；不参与）。各类别之间存在显著差异。以参与团队或个人运动为特征的女孩以及以参与团队运动为代表的男孩相对于其他身体活动概况表现出显著更高的自我决定动机特征。
本研究对构成青少年男孩和女孩PA总体模式的潜在活动类型提供了细致入微的见解，并进一步揭示心理过程因所进行的身体活动概况而异。这些发现可能有助于为旨在促进年轻人身体活动的干预措施提供信息。
