Cohen Emmanuel, Ndao Amadou, Bernard Jonathan Y, Gueye Amadoune, Duboz Priscilla, Macia Enguerran, Boëtsch Gilles, Pasquet Patrick, Holdsworth Michelle, Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc
CNRS, UMR 7206 « Eco-anthropologie », Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
CNRS, UMR 7178 « Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN », Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Oct 16;20(1):1562. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09654-w.
As a consequence of 'Western' acculturation, eating disorders and body image disturbances, such as fatness phobia and body dysmorphic disorders towards musculature and body shape, are emerging in Africa, with young people the most affected. It is therefore important to accurately assess perceptions of body shape. However, the existing body image assessment scales lack sufficient accuracy and validity testing to compare body shape perception across different African populations. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Body Shape Scale (BOSHAS) to evaluate body shape perceptions related body image disorders in African populations.
To develop the BOSHAS, anthropometric measures of 80 Cameroonians and 81 Senegalese (both sexes included; 40.1% females overall) were taken for three body shape criteria: somatotype components, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio. Subjects were selected to cover a wide variability in body shape and were photographed in full face and profile positions. To validate the BOSHAS, the scale was administered twice (2 weeks apart) to 106 participants (aged 31.2 ± 12.6 years) to assess its reliability. In addition, a questionnaire measuring different aspects of body shape (e.g. musculature) was also administered (n = 597; aged 36.7 ± 15.6 years) to assess its convergent validity.
The BOSHAS includes two sex-specific subscales of 10 photographs each. Most participants were able to repeat their BOSHAS preference order. Test-retest reliability was also consistent in estimating Current Body Shape (CBS), Desired Body Shape and Ideal Body Shape for participants and their partners. CBS was correlated with BMI, and different BOSHAS indices were consistent with declarations obtained by questionnaire.
The BOSHAS is the first sex-specific scale of real African models photographed in face and profile, including large body shape variability. The validation protocol showed good validity and reliability for evaluating body shape perceptions and dissatisfaction of Africans.
由于“西方”文化的影响，饮食失调和身体形象障碍，如肥胖恐惧症以及对肌肉和体型的身体变形障碍，正在非洲出现，其中年轻人受影响最大。因此，准确评估对体型的认知很重要。然而，现有的身体形象评估量表缺乏足够的准确性和有效性测试，无法比较不同非洲人群对体型的认知。本研究的目的是开发并验证体型量表（BOSHAS），以评估非洲人群中与身体形象障碍相关的体型认知。
为了开发BOSHAS，对80名喀麦隆人和81名塞内加尔人（包括男女；总体女性占40.1%）进行了人体测量，测量了三个体型标准：体型成分、体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比。选择的受试者涵盖了广泛的体型差异，并拍摄了正面和侧面照片。为了验证BOSHAS，该量表对106名参与者（年龄31.2±12.6岁）进行了两次施测（间隔2周）以评估其信度。此外，还发放了一份测量体型不同方面（如肌肉）的问卷（n = 597；年龄36.7±15.6岁）以评估其收敛效度。
BOSHAS包括两个特定性别的子量表，每个子量表有10张照片。大多数参与者能够重复他们对BOSHAS的偏好顺序。重测信度在估计参与者及其伴侣的当前体型（CBS）、期望体型和理想体型方面也很一致。CBS与BMI相关，不同的BOSHAS指数与问卷获得的声明一致。
BOSHAS是第一个针对真实非洲模特的特定性别量表，拍摄了正面和侧面照片，包括了广泛的体型差异。验证方案在评估非洲人的体型认知和不满方面显示出良好的效度和信度。
