State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Environ Int. 2021 Jan;146:106162. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106162. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
Synchronous heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in inhalable particulate matter (PM) were measured during 2009-2012 and 2015-2016 in a Chinese megacity (Chengdu) to understand the variations in source-specific health risks during haze episodes. Samples were divided into four mass concentration levels: PM ≤ 150 μg m (L1), 150 μg m < PM ≤ 250 μg m (L2), 250 μg m < PM ≤ 350 μg m (L3), and PM > 350 μg m (L4). The percentages of some HMs and PAHs (accounting for PM) decreased from L1 to L4, indicating that they exhibited lower growth rates than other species during heavy pollution. The combined cancer risk (R) for HMs and PAHs was higher at L1 and L4, and the combined non-cancer risk (HQ) was significantly high at L4. The HMs and PAHs combined source-specific risk apportion (HP-SRA) model was employed to quantify the source-specific risks. The relative contributions of (i) diesel and gasoline vehicles to the R, and (ii) crustal dust to the HQ increased during heavy pollution (L3 and L4). The relative contribution of industrial source declined from 81% (L1) to 60% (L4) for the HQ, and from 49% (L1) to 36% (L4) for the R, implying that the control of industrial emissions during heavy pollution events could alleviate risk growth as a co-benefit of controlling PM mass concentration. However, the risks associated with industrial emissions should also be considered during 'clean' days.
2009-2012 年和 2015-2016 年期间，在中国一个特大城市（成都）采集可吸入颗粒物（PM）中的同步重金属（HM）和多环芳烃（PAH），以了解霾事件期间特定来源健康风险的变化。样品分为四个质量浓度水平：PM≤150μg/m（L1）、150μg/m＜PM≤250μg/m（L2）、250μg/m＜PM≤350μg/m（L3）和 PM＞350μg/m（L4）。一些 HM 和 PAH（占 PM）的百分比从 L1 到 L4 降低，表明它们在重污染期间比其他物质的增长率低。HM 和 PAH 的综合致癌风险（R）在 L1 和 L4 较高，综合非致癌风险（HQ）在 L4 显著较高。采用 HM 和 PAH 综合特定源风险分担（HP-SRA）模型定量特定源风险。（i）柴油和汽油车对 R 的相对贡献，和（ii）地壳尘对 HQ 的相对贡献在重污染期间（L3 和 L4）增加。工业源的相对贡献从 HQ 的 81%（L1）下降到 60%（L4），从 R 的 49%（L1）下降到 36%（L4），这意味着在重污染事件中控制工业排放可以减轻风险增长，这是控制 PM 质量浓度的共同效益。然而，在“清洁”日也应考虑与工业排放相关的风险。
