Pekmezci Didem, Yetismis Gamze, Esin Cagatay, Duzlu Onder, Colak Zeynep Nurselin, Inci Abdullah, Pekmezci Gokmen Zafer, Yildirim Alparslan
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Kurupelit Samsun, Turkey.
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey.
Med Mycol. 2020 Oct 17. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myaa088.
Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are well-known microsporidian pathogens, recently classified as fungi, infecting humans and reptiles, mammals, and birds. Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates) are the most preferred captive pet birds in the households. Prevalence and molecular data on microsporidian species in budgerigars are scarce worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and genotypes of Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi in budgerigars, and to reveal their zoonotic potential. A total of 143 fecal samples were collected from owned healthy budgerigars in Turkey. Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi were examined by nested PCR targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and sequenced for identifying Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. hellem and E. bieneusi was 14.7% (21/143) and 3.5% (5/143), respectively. Two genotypes of E. hellem were identified, including one known 1A (n = 18) and a novel TURK1B (n = 3). In addition, we determined two E. bieneusi genotypes, including one known N (n = 2) and a novel TURKM1 (n = 3). E. hellem 1A and novel TURK1B clustered as a sister taxon, and genotype N and novel TURKM1 genotypes fall into group 2 of E. bieneusi in the phylogenetic tree. Novel genotypes of E. hellem and E. bieneusi were described for the first time in the avian host. Moreover, E. bieneusi genotype N was first detected in avian hosts in the present study. This study contributes to the current knowledge on the molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of E. hellem and E. bieneusi.
Spore producing microsporidia are ubiquitous, obligate, and intracellular fungus defined as emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans, livestock, companion animals, wild mammals, birds, and water worldwide. The occurrence of microsporidia in animals could be risky for human public health.
脑孢子虫属和比氏肠胞微孢子虫是著名的微孢子虫病原体，最近被归类为真菌，可感染人类、爬行动物、哺乳动物和鸟类。虎皮鹦鹉（虎皮鹦鹉）是家庭中最受欢迎的圈养宠物鸟。全球范围内，关于虎皮鹦鹉体内微孢子虫种类的流行情况和分子数据很少。本研究的目的是调查虎皮鹦鹉中脑孢子虫属和比氏肠胞微孢子虫的发生情况和基因型，并揭示它们的人畜共患病潜力。从土耳其拥有的健康虎皮鹦鹉中总共收集了143份粪便样本。通过针对核糖体内部转录间隔区（ITS）区域的巢式PCR检测脑孢子虫属和比氏肠胞微孢子虫，并进行测序以鉴定脑孢子虫属和比氏肠胞微孢子虫。海伦脑孢子虫和比氏肠胞微孢子虫的总体患病率分别为14.7%（21/143）和3.5%（5/143）。鉴定出两种海伦脑孢子虫基因型，包括一种已知的1A（n = 18）和一种新的TURK1B（n = 3）。此外，我们确定了两种比氏肠胞微孢子虫基因型，包括一种已知的N（n = 2）和一种新的TURKM1（n = 3）。海伦脑孢子虫1A和新的TURK1B聚为一个姐妹分类单元，基因型N和新的TURKM1基因型在系统发育树中属于比氏肠胞微孢子虫的第2组。首次在鸟类宿主中描述了海伦脑孢子虫和比氏肠胞微孢子虫的新基因型。此外，在本研究中首次在鸟类宿主中检测到比氏肠胞微孢子虫基因型N。本研究有助于了解海伦脑孢子虫和比氏肠胞微孢子虫的分子流行病学和传播动态。
产孢微孢子虫是普遍存在的、专性的细胞内真菌，被定义为全球范围内人类、家畜、伴侣动物、野生哺乳动物、鸟类和水生生物的新兴机会性病原体。动物体内微孢子虫的存在可能对人类公共健康构成风险。
