University of Bremen, INTERCOAST Research Training Group, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany; Senckenberg am Meer, Dept. for Marine Research, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; University of Bremen, Department of Marine Botany, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
FEhS - Institut für Baustoff-Forschung e.V., Bliersheimer Straße 62, 47229, Duisburg, Germany.
Mar Environ Res. 2020 Oct;161:105081. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105081. Epub 2020 Jul 10.
Concrete is used in marine coastal constructions worldwide. These structures are colonized by specialized hard-bottom biota consisting of macroalgae and benthic macrofauna. As concrete manufacturers face challenges such as limited natural resources and high CO2-emissions, the need for supplementary materials increases. Still, there has been little research on the reaction of species to the differences in concrete composition and what ecological impact these reactions could have. This study addresses the questions (1) if there are differences in settlement communities, depending on differences in concrete constitutes and (2) if so, what are the consequences for the usability of alternative concretes in marine constructions. For the experiment 15 cubes (15 × 15 × 15 cm) made of five different concretes, containing different cements (Portland cement and blast furnace cements) and aggregates (sand, gravel, iron ore and metallurgical slags) were deployed in a natural hard bottom experimental field near Helgoland Island (German Bight) in April 2016. After 12 months, all cubes were examined regarding species composition and coverage, followed by statistical analysis (PERMANOVA, SIMPER, DIVERSE). Results indicate differences in settlement communities for different surface orientation (Top, Front/Back) of the cubes. Significant differences in settlement communities of the Front/Back side were present depending on the used material type. However, the found differences in settlement between the concrete types tested are not sufficiently clear to provide recommendations for their usability in coastal constructions.
混凝土在全球范围内被用于海洋沿海建筑。这些结构被专门的硬底生物群所占据，包括藻类和底栖大型动物。随着混凝土制造商面临着自然资源有限和二氧化碳排放高的挑战，对补充材料的需求增加了。尽管如此，对于物种对混凝土成分差异的反应以及这些反应可能对生态产生的影响，研究仍然很少。本研究提出了以下问题：（1）如果混凝土成分存在差异，定居群落是否会存在差异；（2）如果存在差异，那么在海洋建筑中使用替代混凝土的可用性会受到什么影响。在实验中，使用了五种不同的混凝土制成的 15 个立方体（15×15×15 厘米），其中包含不同的水泥（波特兰水泥和高炉水泥）和骨料（沙、砾石、铁矿石和冶金炉渣）。这些立方体于 2016 年 4 月在德国北海的黑尔戈兰岛附近的天然硬底实验场进行了部署。经过 12 个月，对所有立方体的物种组成和覆盖率进行了检查，随后进行了统计分析（PERMANOVA、SIMPER、DIVERSE）。结果表明，不同表面方向（顶面、正面/背面）的立方体定居群落存在差异。正面/背面的定居群落存在显著差异，这取决于所使用的材料类型。然而，所测试的混凝土类型之间的定居差异不够明显，无法为其在沿海建筑中的可用性提供建议。
