Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji Fukaya Saitama, 369-0293, Japan.
Health and Medical Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
Anal Sci. 2021 Jan 10;37(1):37-47. doi: 10.2116/analsci.20SAR15. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Carbon materials have been widely used for electrochemical analysis and include carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron-doped diamond electrodes in addition to conventional carbon electrodes, such as those made of glassy carbon and graphite. Of the carbon-based electrodes, carbon film has advantages because it can be fabricated reproducibly and micro- or nanofabricated into electrodes with a wide range of shapes and sizes. Here, we report two categories of hybrid-type carbon film electrodes for mainly electroanalytical applications. The first category consists of carbon films doped or surface terminated with other atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine, which can control surface hydrophilicity and lipophilicity or electrocatalytic performance, and are used to detect various electroactive biochemicals. The second category comprises metal nanoparticles embedded in carbon film electrodes fabricated by co-sputtering, which exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for environmental and biological samples including toxic heavy metal ions and clinical sugar markers, which are difficult to detect at pure carbon-based electrodes.
碳材料已广泛应用于电化学分析，包括碳纳米管、石墨烯和掺硼金刚石电极，以及传统的碳电极，如玻璃碳和石墨电极。在基于碳的电极中，碳膜具有优势，因为它可以可重复地制造，并微纳加工成具有各种形状和尺寸的电极。在这里，我们报告了两类主要用于电分析应用的混合碳膜电极。第一类是掺杂或表面终止于其他原子（如氮、氧和氟）的碳膜，这些原子可以控制表面的亲水性和疏水性或电催化性能，用于检测各种电活性生物化学物质。第二类是通过共溅射嵌入碳膜电极中的金属纳米粒子，它对环境和生物样品（包括有毒重金属离子和临床糖标记物）具有高电催化活性，而在纯碳基电极上很难检测到这些物质。
