Wooley Stuart C, Smith David Solance, Lonsdorf Eric V, Brown Sarah C, Whitham Thomas G, Shuster Stephen M, Lindroth Richard L
Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin USA.
Department of Biological Sciences California State University Turlock California USA.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Sep 2;10(19):10532-10542. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6709. eCollection 2020 Oct.
Several studies have demonstrated the ecological consequences of genetic variation within a single plant species. For example, these studies show that individual plant genotypes support unique composition of the plants' associated arthropod community. By contrast, fewer studies have explored how plant genetic variation may influence evolutionary dynamics in the plant's associated species. Here, we examine how aphids respond evolutionarily to genetic variation in their host plant. We conducted two experiments to examine local adaptation and rapid evolution of the free-feeding aphid across genetic variants of its host plant, . To test for local adaptation, we collected tree cuttings and aphid colonies from three sites along an elevation/climate gradient and conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment. In general, home aphids (aphids transplanted onto trees from the same site) produced 1.7-3.4 times as many offspring as foreign aphids (aphids transplanted onto trees from different sites). To test for rapid evolution, we used 4 clonally replicated aphid genotypes and transplanted each onto 5 clonally replicated genotypes. Each tree genotype started with the same aphid genotype composition. After 21 days (~two aphid generations), aphid genotype composition changed (i.e., aphids evolved) and some tree genotypes supported unique evolutionary trajectories of aphids. These results suggest that plant evolution in response to human perturbation, such as climate change and invasive species, will also result in evolutionary responses in strongly interacting species that could cascade to affect whole communities.
多项研究已经证明了单一植物物种内基因变异的生态后果。例如，这些研究表明，单个植物基因型支持其相关节肢动物群落的独特组成。相比之下，较少有研究探讨植物基因变异如何影响其相关物种的进化动态。在这里，我们研究蚜虫如何在进化上对其寄主植物的基因变异做出反应。我们进行了两项实验，以研究自由取食的蚜虫在其寄主植物的不同基因变体上的局部适应性和快速进化。为了测试局部适应性，我们沿着海拔/气候梯度从三个地点采集了树木插条和蚜虫群落，并进行了 reciprocal transplant 实验。一般来说，本地蚜虫（从同一地点移植到树上的蚜虫）产生的后代数量是外地蚜虫（从不同地点移植到树上的蚜虫）的1.7至3.4倍。为了测试快速进化，我们使用了4种克隆复制的蚜虫基因型，并将每种基因型移植到5种克隆复制的树木基因型上。每种树木基因型开始时具有相同的蚜虫基因型组成。21天后（约两个蚜虫世代），蚜虫基因型组成发生了变化（即蚜虫进化了），一些树木基因型支持了蚜虫独特的进化轨迹。这些结果表明，植物对人类干扰（如气候变化和入侵物种）的进化反应也将导致与其强烈相互作用的物种产生进化反应，进而可能级联影响整个群落。 （注：“reciprocal transplant”直译为“相互移植”，在生态学研究中有特定含义，这里未找到更合适的意译词汇，保留英文供理解。）
