Gebretsadik Kifle Gebreegziabiher, Liu Zhixin, Yang Jincheng, Liu Hao, Qin Aizhi, Zhou Yaping, Guo Enzhi, Song Xiao, Gao Peibo, Xie Yajie, Vincent Ninkuu, Tran Lam-Son Phan, Sun Xuwu
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, People's Republic of China.
Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Mekelle, 5637, Ethiopia.
Stress Biol. 2025 Apr 29;5(1):28. doi: 10.1007/s44154-025-00214-z.
Aphids are highly destructive agricultural pests characterized by complex life cycles and phenotypic variability, facilitating their adaptation to diverse climates and host plants. Their feeding behavior leads to plant deformation, wilting, stunted growth, disease transmission, and significant yield losses. Given the economic risks aphids pose, regular updates on their seasonal behaviors, adaptive mechanisms, and destructive activities are critical for improving management strategies to mitigate crop losses. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent studies on aphids as plant pests, the extrinsic factors influencing their life cycles, and the intricate interactions between aphids and their hosts. It also highlights recent advancements in biological control measures, including natural enemies, antibiosis, and antixenosis. Additionally, we explore plant defense mechanisms against aphids, focusing on the roles of cell wall components such as lignin, pectin and callose deposition and the genetic regulations underlying these defenses. Aphids, however, can evolve specialized strategies to overcome general plant defenses, prompting the development of targeted mechanisms in plants, such as the use of resistance (R) genes against specific aphid species. Additionally, plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize compounds in aphid saliva, which triggers enhanced phloem sealing and more focused immune responses. This work enhances understanding of aphid-plant interaction and plant resistance and identifies key research gaps for future studies.
蚜虫是极具破坏性的农业害虫，其生命周期复杂，表型具有变异性，这有助于它们适应不同的气候和寄主植物。它们的取食行为会导致植物变形、枯萎、生长受阻、疾病传播，并造成重大产量损失。鉴于蚜虫带来的经济风险，定期更新它们的季节性行为、适应机制和破坏活动对于改进管理策略以减轻作物损失至关重要。本综述全面综合了关于蚜虫作为植物害虫的最新研究、影响其生命周期的外在因素，以及蚜虫与其寄主之间的复杂相互作用。它还强调了生物防治措施的最新进展，包括天敌、抗生作用和抗生性。此外，我们探讨了植物对蚜虫的防御机制，重点关注细胞壁成分如木质素、果胶和胼胝质沉积的作用以及这些防御背后的遗传调控。然而，蚜虫可以进化出专门的策略来克服植物的一般防御，促使植物发展出针对性的机制，例如使用针对特定蚜虫物种的抗性（R）基因。此外，植物模式识别受体（PRR）识别蚜虫唾液中的化合物，这会引发韧皮部密封增强和更具针对性的免疫反应。这项工作增进了对蚜虫与植物相互作用及植物抗性的理解，并确定了未来研究的关键知识空白。
