Franks Steven J, Hamann Elena, Weis Arthur E
Department of Biology Fordham University Bronx NY USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Koffler Scientific Reserve at Jokers Hill University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada.
Evol Appl. 2017 Sep 3;11(1):17-28. doi: 10.1111/eva.12528. eCollection 2018 Jan.
The resurrection approach of reviving ancestors from stored propagules and comparing them with descendants under common conditions has emerged as a powerful method of detecting and characterizing contemporary evolution. As climatic and other environmental conditions continue to change at a rapid pace, this approach is becoming particularly useful for predicting and monitoring evolutionary responses. We evaluate this approach, explain the advantages and limitations, suggest best practices for implementation, review studies in which this approach has been used, and explore how it can be incorporated into conservation and management efforts. We find that although the approach has thus far been used in a limited number of cases, these studies have provided strong evidence for rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in a variety of systems, particularly in response to anthropogenic environmental change, although it is far from clear that evolution will be able to rescue many populations from extinction given current rates of global changes. We also highlight one effort, known as Project Baseline, to create a collection of stored seeds that can take advantage of the resurrection approach to examine evolutionary responses to environmental change over the coming decades. We conclude that the resurrection approach is a useful tool that could be more widely employed to examine basic questions about evolution in natural populations and to assist in the conservation and management of these populations as they face continued environmental change.
从储存的繁殖体中复活祖先个体，并在相同条件下将它们与后代进行比较的复活方法，已成为检测和描述当代进化的一种有力手段。随着气候和其他环境条件持续快速变化，这种方法对于预测和监测进化响应变得尤为有用。我们评估了这种方法，解释了其优缺点，提出了实施的最佳实践方案，回顾了使用该方法的研究，并探讨了如何将其纳入保护和管理工作中。我们发现，尽管到目前为止该方法仅在少数案例中使用，但这些研究为各种系统中快速的当代适应性进化提供了有力证据，特别是对人为环境变化的响应，不过鉴于当前全球变化的速度，进化是否能够拯救许多种群免于灭绝还远不清楚。我们还重点介绍了一项名为“基线计划”的工作，该计划旨在创建一个储存种子的集合，利用复活方法来研究未来几十年对环境变化的进化响应。我们得出结论，复活方法是一种有用的工具，可以更广泛地用于研究自然种群中有关进化的基本问题，并在这些种群面临持续环境变化时协助进行保护和管理。
