Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Helicobacter. 2021 Feb;26(1):e12766. doi: 10.1111/hel.12766. Epub 2020 Oct 18.
Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, is associated with a wide range of gastric diseases such as gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer. The prevalence of H pylori and risk of disease vary in different parts of the world based on the prevailing bacterial lineage. Here, we present a contextual and comparative genomics analysis of 20 clinical isolates of H pylori from patients in Bangladesh. Despite a uniform host ethnicity (Bengali), isolates were classified as being part of the HpAsia2 (50%) or HpEurope (50%) population. Out of twenty isolates, eighteen isolates were cagA positive, with two HpEurope isolates being cagA negative, three EPIYA motif patterns (AB, AB-C, and ABC-C) were observed among the cagA-positive isolates. Three vacA genotypes were observed with the s1m1i1dic1 genotype observed in 75% of isolates; the s1m2i1d1c2 and s2m2i2d2c2 genotypes were found to be 15% and 10% of isolates, respectively. The non-virulent genotypes s2m2i2d2c2 was only observed in HpEurope population isolates. Genotypic analysis of oipA gene, present in all isolates, revealed five different patterns of the CT repeat; all HpAsia2 isolates were in "ON" while 20% of HpEurope isolates were genotypically "OFF." The three blood group antigen binding adhesins encoded genes (bab genes) examined and we observed that the most common genotype was (babA/babB/-) found in eight isolates, notably six were HpAsia2 isolates. The babA gene was found in all HpAsia2 isolates but present in only half of the HpEurope isolates. In silico antibiotic susceptibility analysis revealed that 40% of the strains were multi-drug resistant. Mutations associated with resistance to metronidazole, fluoroquinolone, and clarithromycin were detected 90%, 45%, and 5%, respectively, in H pylori strain. In conclusion, it is evident that two populations of H pylori with similar antibiotic profiles are predominant in Bangladesh, and it appears that genotypically the HpAisa2 isolates are potentially more virulent than the HpEurope isolates.
幽门螺杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性细菌，与多种胃部疾病有关，如胃炎、十二指肠溃疡和胃癌。根据流行的细菌谱系，幽门螺杆菌的流行率和疾病风险在世界不同地区有所不同。在这里，我们对来自孟加拉国患者的 20 株临床幽门螺杆菌分离株进行了上下文和比较基因组学分析。尽管宿主种族（孟加拉人）一致，但分离株被分类为 HpAsia2（50%）或 HpEurope（50%）人群的一部分。在 20 株分离株中，18 株为 cagA 阳性，其中 2 株 HpEurope 分离株为 cagA 阴性，在 cagA 阳性分离株中观察到三种 EPIYA 基序模式（AB、AB-C 和 ABC-C）。观察到三种 vacA 基因型，75%的分离株为 s1m1i1dic1 基因型；s1m2i1d1c2 和 s2m2i2d2c2 基因型分别占 15%和 10%的分离株。非毒性基因型 s2m2i2d2c2 仅在 HpEurope 人群分离株中观察到。所有分离株均存在 oipA 基因的基因型分析，显示 CT 重复的五种不同模式；所有 HpAsia2 分离株均为“ON”，而 20%的 HpEurope 分离株在基因型上为“OFF”。检查了三个血型抗原结合黏附素编码基因（bab 基因），我们观察到最常见的基因型是（babA/babB/-），在 8 个分离株中发现，其中 6 个是 HpAsia2 分离株。babA 基因存在于所有 HpAsia2 分离株中，但仅存在于一半的 HpEurope 分离株中。计算机模拟抗生素敏感性分析显示，40%的菌株为多药耐药。在幽门螺杆菌菌株中，检测到与甲硝唑、氟喹诺酮和克拉霉素耐药相关的突变分别为 90%、45%和 5%。总之，有两种具有相似抗生素特征的幽门螺杆菌流行人群在孟加拉国占主导地位，而且基因型上 HpAisa2 分离株可能比 HpEurope 分离株更具毒性。
