Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,
Örestadskliniken, Malmö, Sweden,
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;49(5):563-569. doi: 10.1159/000510907. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death, and out of all stroke cases, 10-15% originate from a previously asymptomatic stenosis in the internal carotid artery.
The aim of the study was to investigate whether dietary and lifestyle habits were associated with future risk of incident carotid artery disease (CAD).
Baseline examinations on middle-aged individuals (n = 30,447) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDCS), a prospective cohort study, took place between 1991 and 1996 in Malmö, Sweden. Individuals with cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus were excluded at baseline, resulting in a total study population of 25,952 patients. Information on dietary intake was gathered through a 7-day food diary, a detailed questionnaire, and a 1-h interview. A diet quality index was calculated from adherence to recommended intake of 6 dietary components (saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, fish and shellfish, fiber, vegetables and fruit, and sucrose). Individuals with a first registered diagnosis of CAD were identified from the Swedish National Patient register.
During a median follow-up of 21.8 years, 469 participants (1.8%) developed CAD. The diagnosis of incident CAD was validated and confirmed in 99% of a random sample of 100 individuals. Higher intake of vegetables and fruit was associated with a trend of decreased risk of CAD in a Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio of 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.56-1.03; p = 0.080).
In conclusion, the present study found a trend toward a protective effect of higher intake of vegetables and fruit against incident CAD. More prospective studies investigating the association between diet and CAD and stroke are needed in order to give firm recommendations.
中风是导致死亡的主要原因之一，在所有中风病例中，10-15%源自颈内动脉先前无症状的狭窄。
本研究旨在探讨饮食和生活方式习惯是否与未来发生颈动脉疾病（CAD）的风险相关。
在瑞典马尔默的饮食与癌症研究（MDCS）中，对中年个体（n=30447）进行了基线检查，这是一项前瞻性队列研究，于 1991 年至 1996 年期间进行。在基线时排除了有心血管疾病和糖尿病的个体，因此总研究人群为 25952 例患者。通过 7 天食物日记、详细问卷和 1 小时访谈收集饮食摄入信息。从遵守 6 种饮食成分（饱和脂肪、多不饱和脂肪、鱼和贝类、纤维、蔬菜和水果以及蔗糖）的推荐摄入量计算饮食质量指数。从瑞典国家患者登记处确定首次确诊 CAD 的个体。
在中位随访 21.8 年期间，469 名参与者（1.8%）发生了 CAD。在随机抽取的 100 名个体的样本中，有 99%验证和确认了新发 CAD 的诊断。Cox 回归分析显示，蔬菜和水果摄入量较高与 CAD 风险降低呈趋势相关（风险比为 0.76，95%置信区间为 0.56-1.03；p=0.080）。
总之，本研究发现蔬菜和水果摄入量较高与新发 CAD 呈保护作用趋势。为了提供更明确的建议，需要进行更多的前瞻性研究来调查饮食与 CAD 和中风之间的关联。
