Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 15;17(20):7493. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207493.
Supermarkets are natural and important settings for implementing environmental interventions to improve healthy eating, and governmental policies could help improve the nutritional quality of purchases in this setting. This review aimed to: (1) identify governmental policies in the United States (U.S.), including regulatory and legislative actions of federal, tribal, state, and local governments, designed to promote healthy choices in supermarkets; and (2) synthesize evidence of these policies' effects on retailers, consumers, and community health. We searched five policy databases and developed a list of seven policy actions that meet our inclusion criteria: calorie labeling of prepared foods in supermarkets; increasing U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits; financial incentives for the purchase of fruit and vegetables; sweetened beverage taxes; revisions to the USDA Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food package; financial assistance for supermarkets to open in underserved areas; and allowing online purchases with SNAP. We searched PubMed, Econlit, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Business Source Ultimate to identify peer-reviewed, academic, English-language literature published at any time until January 2020; 147 studies were included in the review. Sweetened beverage taxes, revisions to the WIC food package, and financial incentives for fruits and vegetables were associated with improvements in dietary behaviors (food purchases and/or consumption). Providing financial incentives to supermarkets to open in underserved areas and increases in SNAP benefits were not associated with changes in food purchasing or diet quality but may improve food security. More research is needed to understand the effects of calorie labeling in supermarkets and online SNAP purchasing.
超市是实施改善健康饮食环境干预措施的自然且重要的场所，政府政策可有助于改善这一场所的购买品的营养质量。本综述旨在：(1) 确定美国（U.S.）的政府政策，包括联邦、部落、州和地方政府的监管和立法行动，旨在促进超市中健康选择；(2) 综合这些政策对零售商、消费者和社区健康影响的证据。我们检索了五个政策数据库，并制定了一份符合纳入标准的七个政策行动清单：超市中准备食品的卡路里标签；增加美国农业部（USDA）补充营养援助计划（SNAP）福利；购买水果和蔬菜的经济激励措施；含糖饮料税；修订美国农业部妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）的食品包；为在服务不足地区开设超市提供财政援助；以及允许使用 SNAP 进行在线购买。我们检索了 PubMed、Econlit、PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 Business Source Ultimate，以确定在任何时候发表的、同行评审的、以英文发表的学术文献，直至 2020 年 1 月；综述共纳入了 147 项研究。含糖饮料税、WIC 食品包的修订以及对水果和蔬菜的经济激励措施与改善饮食行为（食品购买和/或消费）有关。为在服务不足地区开设超市提供财政援助以及增加 SNAP 福利与食品购买或饮食质量的变化无关，但可能会改善粮食安全。需要进一步研究来了解超市中的卡路里标签和在线 SNAP 购买的影响。
