Kliem Silvia, Kreutzbruck Marc, Bonten Christian
Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Oct 15;13(20):4586. doi: 10.3390/ma13204586.
Biodegradable plastics can make an important contribution to the struggle against increasing environmental pollution through plastics. However, biodegradability is a material property that is influenced by many factors. This review provides an overview of the main environmental conditions in which biodegradation takes place and then presents the degradability of numerous polymers. Polylactide (PLA), which is already available on an industrial scale, and the polyhydroxyalkanoates polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), which are among the few plastics that have been proven to degrade in seawater, will be discussed in detail, followed by a summary of the degradability of further petroleum-, cellulose-, starch-, protein- and CO-based biopolymers and some naturally occurring polymers.
可生物降解塑料对于通过塑料应对日益严重的环境污染问题能做出重要贡献。然而，生物降解性是一种受多种因素影响的材料特性。本综述概述了生物降解发生的主要环境条件，然后介绍了众多聚合物的降解性。将详细讨论已实现工业化规模生产的聚乳酸（PLA），以及聚羟基脂肪酸酯聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）和聚羟基丁酸酯 - 共 - 戊酸酯（PHBV），这两种是已被证明能在海水中降解的少数几种塑料，随后总结其他基于石油、纤维素、淀粉、蛋白质和一氧化碳的生物聚合物以及一些天然存在的聚合物的降解性。
