Martínez-Baz Iván, Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino, Arregui Irati, Navascués Ana, Adelantado Marta, Indurain Juan, Fresán Ujué, Ezpeleta Carmen, Castilla Jesús
Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra-IdiSNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain.
CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Oct 15;8(4):611. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8040611.
Vaccines may induce positive non-specific immune responses to other pathogens. This study aims to evaluate if influenza vaccination in the 2019-2020 season had any effect on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection in a cohort of health workers. During the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave in Spain, between March and May 2020, a cohort of 11,201 health workers was highly tested by RT-qPCR and/or rapid antibody test when the infection was suspected. Later in June, 8665 of them were tested for total antibodies in serum. A total of 890 (7.9%) health workers were laboratory-confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 infection by any type of test, while no case of influenza was detected. The adjusted odds ratio between 2019-2020 influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection was the same (1.07; 95% CI, 0.92-1.24) in both comparisons of positive testers with all others (cohort design) and with negative testers (test-negative design). Among symptomatic patients tested by RT-qPCR, the comparison of positive cases and negative controls showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.68-1.08). These results suggest that influenza vaccination does not significantly modify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The development of specific vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is urgent.
疫苗可能会引发对其他病原体的阳性非特异性免疫反应。本研究旨在评估2019 - 2020季节的流感疫苗接种对一组医护人员中新冠病毒确诊感染风险是否有任何影响。在西班牙的第一波新冠病毒疫情期间，即2020年3月至5月，当怀疑感染时，对11201名医护人员进行了逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）和/或快速抗体检测。6月晚些时候，对其中8665人进行了血清总抗体检测。共有890名（7.9%）医护人员通过任何类型的检测被实验室确诊感染新冠病毒，而未检测到流感病例。在阳性检测者与所有其他人员（队列设计）以及与阴性检测者（检测阴性设计）的两项比较中，2019 - 2020年流感疫苗接种与新冠病毒确诊感染之间的调整比值比相同（1.07；95%置信区间，0.92 - 1.24）。在通过RT-qPCR检测的有症状患者中，阳性病例与阴性对照的比较显示调整比值比为0.86（95%置信区间，0.68 - 1.08）。这些结果表明，流感疫苗接种不会显著改变新冠病毒感染风险。研发针对新冠病毒的特异性疫苗迫在眉睫。
