Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India.
Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160059, India.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 15;17(20):7519. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207519.
Glyphosate is a non-specific organophosphate pesticide, which finds widespread application in shielding crops against the weeds. Its high solubility in hydrophilic solvents, especially water and high mobility allows the rapid leaching of the glyphosate into the soil leading to contamination of groundwater and accumulation into the plant tissues, therefore intricating the elimination of the herbicides. Despite the widespread application, only a few percentages of the total applied glyphosate serve the actual purpose, dispensing the rest in the environment, thus resulting in reduced crop yields, low quality agricultural products, deteriorating soil fertility, contributing to water pollution, and consequently threatening human and animal life. This review gives an insight into the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate and current approaches to track and identify trace amounts of this agrochemical along with its biodegradability and possible remediating strategies. Efforts have also been made to summarize the biodegradation mechanisms and catabolic enzymes involved in glyphosate metabolism.
草甘膦是一种非特异性有机磷农药，广泛用于保护作物免受杂草侵害。它在亲水性溶剂（特别是水）中的高溶解度和高迁移性允许草甘膦迅速浸出到土壤中，导致地下水污染和植物组织积累，从而使除草剂的去除变得复杂。尽管广泛应用，但只有总施用量的少数百分比用于实际目的，其余的则在环境中释放，从而导致作物产量降低、农产品质量下降、土壤肥力恶化、水污染加剧，进而威胁人类和动物生命。本综述介绍了除草剂草甘膦的毒理学效应以及当前追踪和识别痕量农用化学品及其生物降解性和可能的修复策略的方法。还努力总结了草甘膦代谢中涉及的生物降解机制和代谢酶。
