Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 28;38(6):98. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03281-w.
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) has emerged as the top-selling herbicide worldwide because of its versatility in controlling annual and perennial weeds and the extensive use of glyphosate-resistant crops. Concerns related to the widespread use of glyphosate and its ubiquitous presence in the environment has led to a large number of studies and reviews, which examined the toxicity and fate of glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in the environment. Because the biological breakdown of glyphosate is most likely the main elimination process, the biodegradation of glyphosate has also been the object of abundant experimental work. Importantly, glyphosate biodegradation in aquatic and soil ecosystems is affected not only by the composition and the activity of microbial communities, but also by the physical environment. However, the interplay between microbiomes and glyphosate biodegradation in edaphic and aquatic environments has rarely been considered before. The proposed minireview aims at filling this gap. We summarize the most recent work exploring glyphosate biodegradation in natural aquatic biofilms, the biological, chemical and physical factors and processes playing on the adsorption, transport and biodegradation of glyphosate at different levels of soil organization and under different agricultural managements, and its impact on soil microbial communities.
草甘膦（N-(膦酸甲基)甘氨酸）因其能有效防治一年生和多年生杂草，且广泛用于抗草甘膦作物，已成为全球销量最高的除草剂。由于草甘膦的广泛使用及其在环境中的普遍存在，人们越来越关注与之相关的问题，这也促使大量研究和综述对环境中草甘膦及其主要代谢物氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）的毒性和归宿进行了研究。由于草甘膦的生物降解可能是其主要的消除过程，因此草甘膦的生物降解也成为了大量实验工作的对象。重要的是，水生态系统和土壤生态系统中的草甘膦生物降解不仅受微生物群落的组成和活性的影响，还受物理环境的影响。然而，土壤和水生环境中微生物组与草甘膦生物降解之间的相互作用以前很少被考虑。本综述旨在填补这一空白。我们总结了最近在天然水生生物膜中探索草甘膦生物降解的工作，以及在不同土壤组织层次和不同农业管理条件下，影响草甘膦吸附、传输和生物降解的生物、化学和物理因素和过程，以及它对土壤微生物群落的影响。
