Vasileva E S, Anisimov G V, Kalashnikova T P
The first medical and pedagogical center «Lingua Bona», Perm, Russia.
E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2020;120(9. Vyp. 2):62-67. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202012009262.
Behavioral insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in young children. It significantly reduces the quality of parent's life and is one of the common complaints to a pediatrician or neurologist. The basis treatment of childhood insomnia is behavioral therapy, which includes sleep hygiene, age-appropriate daily routine and sleep associations, stable bedtime routines, positive reinforcement, bedtime fading, scheduled awakenings. Although a systematic ignoring («crying it out») is effective and widely used in behavioral therapy, it has low compliance and its safety is insufficiently studied. Therefore, a systematic ignoring is not a priority method of behavioral therapy and should not be used in children under 6 months of age. Behavioral therapy of childhood insomnia is complemented by psychological and informational support from parents, and in some cases, drug therapy. Prevention includes education of expectant parents on baby sleep hygiene.
行为性失眠是幼儿中最常见的睡眠障碍。它显著降低了父母的生活质量，是向儿科医生或神经科医生常见的投诉之一。儿童失眠的基础治疗是行为疗法，包括睡眠卫生、适合年龄的日常作息和睡眠关联、稳定的就寝时间安排、积极强化、就寝时间逐渐推迟、定时唤醒。虽然系统性忽视（“任其哭闹”）在行为疗法中有效且被广泛使用，但它的依从性较低，其安全性也未得到充分研究。因此，系统性忽视不是行为疗法的首选方法，不应在6个月以下的儿童中使用。儿童失眠的行为疗法辅以父母的心理和信息支持，在某些情况下还包括药物治疗。预防措施包括对准父母进行婴儿睡眠卫生教育。
