National School of Public Health, 37903Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, 2104Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Nutr Health. 2021 Mar;27(1):79-88. doi: 10.1177/0260106020960881. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Relevant evidence has addressed the negative impact of food processing on health. However, maternal ultra-processed food consumption is poorly investigated.
To analyze food consumption according to the degree of food processing, dietary diversity, and associated socio-demographic factors during pregnancy.
Cross-sectional data was taken from a birth cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 142 pregnant women. We assessed diet using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire and classified food items according to the NOVA classification system as non-ultra-processed-foods and ultra-processed-foods. Non-ultra-processed-food and ultra-processed-food scores were calculated, reflecting weekly intake of more than one subgroup. Dietary diversity of the non-ultra-processed-food diet fraction was described according to the Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines. The association between food consumption and socio-demographic factors were investigated using logistic regression models.
Over 60% of the pregnant women reported consumption of at least three non-ultra-processed-food groups. However, only 25% had adequate dietary diversity. The level of education (Complete high school: odds ratio, 5.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-16.65) was associated with regular intake of "meat and eggs." Among the ultra-processed-food score, 27% of the participants described a weekly consumption of at least two ultra-processed-food subgroups. White women (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.63) had a higher chance of reporting "packaged ready meals" consumption.
This study shows a high weekly consumption of ultra-processed-food subgroups and low dietary diversity of the non-ultra-processed-food fraction of the diet of pregnant women in Brazil. Our results elucidate the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on diet quality during pregnancy.
已有相关证据表明食品加工对健康有负面影响。然而，母体超加工食品的消费情况仍研究不足。
分析孕期根据食品加工程度、饮食多样性以及相关社会人口因素的食物消费情况。
本横断面研究的数据来自巴西里约热内卢的一个出生队列，共纳入 142 名孕妇。我们使用定性食物频率问卷评估饮食，并根据 NOVA 分类系统将食物分为非超加工食品和超加工食品。计算非超加工食品和超加工食品的得分，反映每周摄入的一个以上亚组。根据粮农组织指南描述非超加工食品饮食部分的饮食多样性。使用逻辑回归模型调查食物消费与社会人口因素之间的关系。
超过 60%的孕妇报告至少摄入三种非超加工食品组。然而，仅有 25%的孕妇饮食多样性充足。教育水平（完整高中：比值比，5.36；95%置信区间，1.73-16.65）与“肉和蛋”的定期摄入有关。在超加工食品得分中，27%的参与者每周至少摄入两种超加工食品亚组。白人女性（比值比，2.63；95%置信区间，1.05-6.63）更有可能报告“包装即食餐”的摄入。
本研究表明，巴西孕妇每周超加工食品亚组的摄入量较高，而非超加工食品部分的饮食多样性较低。我们的研究结果阐明了社会人口特征对孕期饮食质量的影响。
