Idris Ghassan, Smith Claire, Galland Barbara, Taylor Rachael, Robertson Christopher J, Bennani Hamza, Farella Mauro
Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Pediatr Obes. 2021 May;16(5):e12743. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12743. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Behavioural aspects of chewing may influence food intake, nutritional status and in turn body weight.
The current study aimed to study chewing features in adolescents as they naturally occur in home-based settings, and to test for a possible association with weight status.
Forty-two adolescents (15.3 ± 1.3 years) were recruited (21 with healthy-weight/21 with overweight). Using a smartphone-assisted wearable electromyographic device, the chewing features of each participant were assessed over one evening, including the evening meal, in their natural home setting.
The mean (±SD) for chewing pace was 1.53 ± 0.22 Hz, chewing power 30.1% ± 4.8%, number of chewing episodes 63.1 ± 36.7 and chewing time 11.0 ± 7.7 minutes. The chewing pace of the group with overweight was slower than that of healthy weight (-0.20 Hz; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.33; P = .005) while their chewing time was shorter (-4.9 minutes; 95% CI, 0.2-9.7; P = .044). A significant negative correlation was observed between BMI z-score and chewing pace (R = -.41; P = .007), and between BMI z-score and chewing time (R = -0.32; P = .039).
The current study suggests that adolescents who are overweight eat at a slower pace for a shorter period of time than their counterparts who are a healthy weight. This unexpected finding based on objective data appears to conflict with existing questionnaire findings but provides impetus for further work testing the effectiveness of changing eating behaviour as a weight-management intervention in youth.
咀嚼的行为方面可能会影响食物摄入量、营养状况，进而影响体重。
本研究旨在研究青少年在家庭自然环境中的咀嚼特征，并测试其与体重状况之间可能存在的关联。
招募了42名青少年（15.3±1.3岁）（21名体重正常/21名超重）。使用智能手机辅助的可穿戴肌电图设备，在每个参与者家中的自然环境中，对其包括晚餐在内的一个晚上的咀嚼特征进行评估。
咀嚼速度的平均值（±标准差）为1.53±0.22赫兹，咀嚼力度为30.1%±4.8%，咀嚼次数为63.1±36.7次，咀嚼时间为11.0±7.7分钟。超重组的咀嚼速度比体重正常组慢（-0.20赫兹；95%置信区间，-0.06至-0.33；P = 0.005），而咀嚼时间更短（-4.9分钟；95%置信区间，0.2 - 9.7；P = 0.044）。在BMI z评分与咀嚼速度之间观察到显著的负相关（R = -0.41；P = 0.007），以及在BMI z评分与咀嚼时间之间（R = -0.32；P = 0.039）。
本研究表明，超重青少年进食的速度比体重正常的同龄人慢，且进食时间更短。这一基于客观数据的意外发现似乎与现有的问卷调查结果相矛盾，但为进一步研究改变饮食行为作为青少年体重管理干预措施的有效性提供了动力。
