Rajendiran Ethendhar, Ramadass Balamurugan, Ramprasath Vanu
Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada.
Center of Excellence for Clinical Microbiome Research, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
Can J Microbiol. 2021 Feb;67(2):101-111. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0043. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
The gut microbiome encompasses trillions of residing microbes, mainly bacteria, which play a crucial role in maintaining the physiological and metabolic health of the host. The gut microbiome has been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). A growing body of evidence suggests that an altered gut environment and gut-microbiome-derived metabolites are associated with CVD events. The gut microbiome communicates with host physiology through different mechanisms, including trimethylamine -oxide generation, primary and secondary bile acid metabolism pathways, and short-chain fatty acids production. The main focus of this review is to understand the association of the gut microbiome with CVD and its implications on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host. Manipulation of the gut microbiome through specific dietary intervention is a simple approach to identifying novel targets for therapy or better dietary recommendations, and new preventive measures for screening biomarkers to reduce CVD risk in humans.
肠道微生物群包含数万亿的常驻微生物，主要是细菌，它们在维持宿主的生理和代谢健康方面发挥着关键作用。肠道微生物群与多种疾病有关，包括心血管疾病（CVD）。越来越多的证据表明，肠道环境的改变和源自肠道微生物群的代谢产物与心血管疾病事件有关。肠道微生物群通过不同机制与宿主生理进行沟通，包括三甲胺氧化物的生成、初级和次级胆汁酸代谢途径以及短链脂肪酸的产生。本综述的主要重点是了解肠道微生物群与心血管疾病的关联及其对肠道微生物群与宿主之间相互作用的影响。通过特定饮食干预来调控肠道微生物群是一种简单的方法，可用于确定新的治疗靶点或更好的饮食建议，以及用于筛查生物标志物的新预防措施，以降低人类患心血管疾病的风险。
