Lu Baoqing, Liu Zejun, Wang Yujuan, Guo Chunyan
Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
Intellectual Property School of Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2020 Dec;158:178-189. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.012. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
Traditional view holds that associative recognition require recollection while familiarity can't support associative recognition. However, recent research indicate that familiarity can also contribute to associative recognition when the stimuli are unitized in encoding. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of retrieval of word and picture stimuli in three encoding conditions. Semantically unrelated word pairs or picture pairs were encoded in concept definition, interactive imagery, and item comparison conditions, separately. In test, the participants were required to discriminate between old pairs that appeared in the same pairing as in study, rearranged pairs that appeared in different pairings in study, or completely new pairs. The behavioral results revealed that higher associative recognition was observed in interactive imagery condition than in concept definition condition, with item comparison condition eliciting the worst recognition, regardless of word or picture stimuli. ERP results of word stimuli revealed that the FN400 old/new effect was solely elicited in concept definition and interactive imagery conditions, but not in item comparison condition. However, ERP results of picture stimuli revealed that the late FN400 old/new effect was observed in three encoding conditions and that larger magnitude of old/new effect was elicited in item comparison condition than in interactive imagery condition. There may be different neural mechanisms of unitization on associative recognition for word and picture stimuli. These findings suggested that the pattern of engagement of familiarity during successful retrieval was dependent on the stimulating properties and the encoding conditions. We will discuss the possibility that top-down unitization which manipulates two unrelated stimuli through instructions may lead to the engagement of specific forms of familiarity-association familiarity and item familiarity.
传统观点认为，关联性识别需要回忆，而熟悉感无法支持关联性识别。然而，最近的研究表明，当刺激在编码过程中被整合时，熟悉感也可以促进关联性识别。在这里，我们研究了在三种编码条件下单词和图片刺激检索的电生理相关性。语义无关的单词对或图片对分别在概念定义、交互式意象和项目比较条件下进行编码。在测试中，参与者被要求区分与学习中出现的相同配对的旧对、学习中出现在不同配对中的重新排列对或全新的对。行为结果显示，无论单词还是图片刺激，在交互式意象条件下观察到的关联性识别都高于概念定义条件，项目比较条件下的识别最差。单词刺激的ERP结果显示，FN400新旧效应仅在概念定义和交互式意象条件下出现，而在项目比较条件下未出现。然而，图片刺激的ERP结果显示，在三种编码条件下都观察到了晚期FN400新旧效应，并且项目比较条件下的新旧效应幅度大于交互式意象条件。单词和图片刺激在关联性识别上的整合可能存在不同的神经机制。这些发现表明，成功检索过程中熟悉感的参与模式取决于刺激特性和编码条件。我们将讨论通过指令操纵两个无关刺激的自上而下的整合可能导致特定形式的熟悉关联——熟悉感和项目熟悉感参与的可能性。
