Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(3):619-639. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
表观基因组是生物体的整体表观遗传状态，对于个体的正常发育和功能与基因组同样重要。表观遗传学涉及通过改变 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 的调控，在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下，导致基因表达的可遗传但可逆的变化。表观遗传变化归因于各种环境因素，包括污染、微生物群和饮食，这些因素对表观遗传修饰剂有深远的影响。饮食中存在的生物活性化合物主要包括姜黄素、白藜芦醇、儿茶素、槲皮素、染料木黄酮、萝卜硫素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、生物碱、维生素和肽。微生物作用下发酵过程中释放的生物活性化合物也对宿主的表观基因组有显著影响。此外，最近的研究通过表观遗传调控探索了维生素功能的新见解。这些生物活性化合物联合使用以及与化疗药物联合使用时具有协同、预防和治疗作用。因此，这些化合物具有作为“Epidrug”治疗许多炎症性疾病和各种癌症的治疗剂的潜力，化疗结果有许多副作用。在这篇综述中，讨论了饮食来源的生物活性化合物通过表观遗传调控对体外和体内模型的影响。
