Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(19):3333-3345. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986803. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
Among age-related diseases, the incidence of cancer increases significantly due to the overlap of some molecular pathways between cancer and aging. While the genetic influence on the human lifespan is estimated to be about 20-25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status, aging. Aging and age-related conditions are processes that can be modified by both genetic, environmental factors, including dietary habits. Epigenetics is a new discipline has significant potential to be applied for the prevention, management of certain carcinomas and diseases. Epigenetic modifications may play an important role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. Some nutritional components can be significantly effective in the prevention of breast, skin, esophagus, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung cancers. It contains minerals, vitamins, and some bioactive components (curcumin, indole 3 carbinol, di-indolylmethane, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, resveratrol, pterostilbene, apigenin, etc.) regulatory processes. However, compelling evidence suggests that dietary habits can manipulate the aging process and/or its consequences, have health benefits. Aging processes become complex when combined with the relational role of bioactive nutritional components on gene expression. In this review, the relationship between epigenetic processes caused by DNA methylylation, histone modification, non-coding m-RNA, and telomerase activity, the risk of aging and cancer is discussed.
在与年龄相关的疾病中，由于癌症和衰老之间一些分子途径的重叠，癌症的发病率显著增加。虽然遗传对人类寿命的影响估计约为 20-25%，但表观遗传变化在调节个体健康状况、衰老方面起着重要作用。衰老和与年龄相关的状况是可以通过遗传、环境因素（包括饮食习惯）来改变的过程。表观遗传学是一门新学科，具有很大的潜力可应用于某些癌症和疾病的预防和管理。表观遗传修饰可能在疾病的发生和发病机制中起重要作用。一些营养成分在预防乳腺癌、皮肤癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、肺癌方面具有显著的效果。它包含矿物质、维生素和一些生物活性成分（姜黄素、吲哚 3 卡宾、二吲哚基甲烷、萝卜硫素、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯、染料木黄酮、白藜芦醇、紫檀芪、芹菜素等）调节过程。然而，有强有力的证据表明，饮食习惯可以操纵衰老过程和/或其后果，对健康有益。当与生物活性营养成分对基因表达的关系作用相结合时，衰老过程变得复杂。在这篇综述中，讨论了由 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码 m-RNA 和端粒酶活性引起的表观遗传过程与衰老和癌症风险之间的关系。
