Arch Suicide Res. 2022 Apr-Jun;26(2):761-775. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1833797. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), the deliberate and self-inflicted damage of body tissue, typically serves an emotion regulation function. Both negative and positive affectivity have been associated with NSSI, as has low distress tolerance. In the current study, we tested whether relationships between both negative and positive affectivity and NSSI are moderated by the four facets of distress tolerance (tolerance, absorption, appraisal, regulation) captured by the Distress Tolerance Scale.
A sample of 531 university students completed well-validated measures of NSSI, negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and distress tolerance.
Findings indicate that negative and positive affectivity, as well as the appraisal (i.e. negative perceptions of distress) and absorption (i.e. allocation of attention to distress) facets of distress tolerance, were directly associated with NSSI. Positive affectivity and appraisal also interacted in differentiating participants with recent, lifetime and no history of NSSI. Specifically, the association between negative perceptions of distress and self-injury was weaker at high levels of positive affectivity. Positive affectivity and absorption also interacted to differentiate between individuals with no history of NSSI and individuals who recently engaged in NSSI. Specifically, positive affectivity was negatively associated with self-injury, but only among individuals who allocate less attention to their distress.
Considering the independent roles of negative and positive affectivity alongside specific facets of distress tolerance and their interactions with emotional experience, may enhance understanding of NSSI. Prevention and intervention initiatives that assist regulation of negative affectivity, increase positive affectivity, and improve distress tolerance, may reduce the likelihood of engaging in self-injury.HighlightsNegative and positive affectivity are independently associated with NSSIAppraisal and absorption facets of distress tolerance are associated with NSSIPositive affectivity moderates associations between appraisal and absorption and NSSI.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）是指故意和自我造成的身体组织损伤，通常具有情绪调节功能。负性和正性情感状态以及低痛苦耐受力都与 NSSI 有关。在当前的研究中，我们测试了痛苦耐受力的四个方面（耐受力、吸收、评估、调节）是否调节了负性和正性情感状态与 NSSI 之间的关系，这些方面由痛苦耐受力量表（Distress Tolerance Scale）捕捉到。
一个由 531 名大学生组成的样本完成了经过充分验证的 NSSI、负性情感状态、正性情感状态和痛苦耐受力的测量。
研究结果表明，负性和正性情感状态，以及痛苦耐受力的评估（即对痛苦的负面看法）和吸收（即对痛苦的注意力分配）方面，与 NSSI 直接相关。正性情感状态和评估也相互作用，区分了有近期、终生和无 NSSI 史的参与者。具体而言，对痛苦的负面看法与自伤之间的关联在正性情感状态较高时较弱。正性情感状态和吸收也相互作用，区分了无 NSSI 史的个体和最近有 NSSI 行为的个体。具体而言，正性情感状态与自伤呈负相关，但仅在个体对自己的痛苦关注度较低时。
考虑到负性和正性情感状态以及痛苦耐受力的特定方面的独立作用，以及它们与情绪体验的相互作用，可以增强对 NSSI 的理解。预防和干预措施，如帮助调节负性情感状态、增加正性情感状态和提高痛苦耐受力，可能会降低自伤的可能性。
负性和正性情感状态与 NSSI 独立相关痛苦耐受力的评估和吸收方面与 NSSI 相关正性情感状态调节了评估和吸收与 NSSI 之间的关系。
